Pepperdine University

Most major belligerents attempted to solve the problems of complexity and security involved in using large codebooks for cryptography by designing ciphering machines the most well known being the German Enigma machine. Development of SIGINT (signals intelligence) and cryptanalysis enabled the countering process of decryption Notable examples were the Allied decryption of Japanese naval codes and British Ultra a pioneering method for decoding Enigma benefiting from information given to the United Kingdom by the Polish Cipher Bureau which had been decoding early versions of Enigma before the war. Another aspect of military intelligence was the use of deception which the Allies used to great effect such as in operations Mincemeat and Bodyguard. . The new state grew rapidly as migrants poured into the fertile cotton lands of east Texas. With their investments in cotton lands and slaves Texas planters established cotton plantations in the eastern districts the central area of the state was developed more by subsistence farmers who seldom owned slaves. .

The early isolation of the region and its links to the Deep South have resulted in its well-known pine woods being described as a 'curtain' that demarcates a certain cultural enclave or bubble that distinguishes East Texas from the rest of the state Former residents describe leaving behind the 'Pine Curtain' as a form of escape, Astrolite the Astrodome's scoreboard during a 1969 Astros game it was the world's first animated scoreboard, Culture Houston Texas Business Directory The outlying areas of Houston the airports and the city's suburbs and enclaves are outside the Loop Another ring road Beltway 8 (also known simply as the "Beltway" or as the "Sam Houston Tollway") encircles the city another 5 miles (8 km) farther out Parts of Beltway 8 are toll roads but for most of the route motorists can drive in the adjacent "feeder" or service roads at no charge.[citation needed] Farm to Market Road 1960 (FM 1960) forms a semicircle in northern Houston and is another dividing line the third ring road State Highway 99 (also known as the Grand Parkway) is under construction.[citation needed] Long stated that most of the wealthier Houston suburbs are west and north of the central city while to the southeast the Clear Lake/NASA "[represents] another burgeoning concentration of largely aerospace-related prosperity". Houston Texas Business Directory, Worldwide-acclaimed pianist Van Cliburn a native of nearby Shreveport Louisiana was raised in Kilgore Kilgore College houses the Van Cliburn Auditorium on its home campus. . At this point Santa Anna believed the rebellion was in its final death throes the Texian government had been forced off the mainland with no way to communicate with its army which had shown no interest in fighting He determined to block the Texian army's retreat and put a decisive end to the war. Almonte's scouts incorrectly reported that Houston's army was going to Lynchburg Crossing on Buffalo Bayou in preparation for joining the government in Galveston so Santa Anna ordered Harrisburg burned and pressed on towards Lynchburg, Texans took advantage of the lack of oversight to agitate for more political freedom resulting in the Convention of 1832 Among other issues the convention demanded that U.S citizens be allowed to immigrate into Texas and requested independent statehood for the area the following year Texians reiterated their demands at the Convention of 1833 After presenting their petition courier Stephen F Austin was jailed for the next two years in Mexico City on suspicion of treason. Although Mexico implemented several measures to appease the colonists President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's measures to transform Mexico from a federalist to a centralist state provided an excuse for the Texan colonists to revolt, Two or more races: 2.7 percent. .