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1880 16,513 76.0% 7 External links Tyler (98,564), 7 Education In the northern part of East Texas awareness of the native and historical Caddo Mississippian culture remains significant Cherokee County is home to the Caddo Mounds State Historic Site Patrons can also view the "Caddo Indian Collection" at the Gregg County Historical Museum in Longview in the mid-19th century East Texas cities such as Marshall and Jefferson constituted a sphere of influence that led the entire state into the Confederacy and during the Mexican and Republic periods Nacogdoches and San Augustine were the most developed and influential cities in East Texas, The first artist to play the Astrodome was Judy Garland on December 17 1965 where she was paid $43,000 for the one show the Supremes were her opening act and tickets were priced $1.00 to $7.50 the dome seated 48,000 with another 12,000 seats added for this show Garland appeared on stage at 10 p.m and sang for 40 minutes with her set of songs including: "He's Got the Whole World in His Hands"; "Just in Time"; "My Kind Of Town Houston Is"/"Houston"; "As Long as He Needs Me"; "Joey Joey Joey"; "Do it Again"; "What Now My Love?"; "By Myself"; "Rock-A-Bye Your Baby"; "San Francisco"; "Chicago"; and "Over the Rainbow." Mort Lindsey conducted. . ! (12.0) 60.4 Main article: Texas Medical Center The Balloon Glow was first performed at the Great Texas Balloon Race! Seabrook In 1900 after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated the following year the discovery of oil at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry in 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel by 1910 the city's population had reached 78,800 almost doubling from a decade before African Americans formed a large part of the city's population numbering 23,929 people which was nearly one-third of Houston's residents, Italian invasion of Ethiopia (1935), Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940 in August Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China; in retaliation Japan instituted harsh measures in occupied areas to reduce human and material resources for the communists. Continued antipathy between Chinese communist and nationalist forces culminated in armed clashes in January 1941 effectively ending their co-operation in March the Japanese 11th army attacked the headquarters of the Chinese 19th army but was repulsed during Battle of Shanggao in September Japan attempted to take the city of Changsha again and clashed with Chinese nationalist forces. Other famous and notable East Texans, The first major skyscraper to be constructed in Houston was the 50-floor 714-foot (218 m) tall One Shell Plaza in 1971 a succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s culminating with Houston's tallest the 75-floor 1,002-foot (305 m) tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower) designed by I M Pei and completed in 1982 As of 2010 it is the tallest man-made structure in Texas the twelfth-tallest building in the United States and the forty-eighth-tallest skyscraper in the world, Tens of thousands of new migrants streamed in from rural areas straining the city's housing supply and the city's ability to provide local transit and schools For the first time high-paying jobs went to large numbers of women blacks and Hispanics the city's African-American community emboldened by their newfound prosperity increased its agitation for civil rights; they backed and funded the legal case of Smith v Allwright (1944) in which the Supreme Court ruled against the latest version of the white primary in support of voting rights. .

. 5.3 Mexican retreat and surrender For years Mexican authorities used the reconquering of Texas as an excuse for implementing new taxes and making the army the budgetary priority of the impoverished nation. Only sporadic skirmishes resulted. Larger expeditions were postponed as military funding was consistently diverted to other rebellions out of fear that those regions would ally with Texas and further fragment the country.[Note 17] the northern Mexican states the focus of the Matamoros Expedition briefly launched an independent Republic of the Rio Grande in 1839 the same year the Mexican Congress considered a law to declare it treasonous to speak positively of Texas in June 1843 leaders of the two nations declared an armistice; The shaded relief map of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean area Government and politics Steinhagen Reservoir In 2012 the city was ranked number one for paycheck worth by Forbes and in late May 2013 Houston was identified as America's top city for employment creation.