Other former governors of Texas:, School Trustee At-Large Pos 7 Don Sumner Republican, In 1900 after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated the following year the discovery of oil at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry in 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel by 1910 the city's population had reached 78,800 almost doubling from a decade before African Americans formed a large part of the city's population numbering 23,929 people which was nearly one-third of Houston's residents. Cotton ranching and farming dominated the economy with railroad construction after 1870 a major factor in the development of new cities away from rivers and waterways Toward the end of the 19th century timber became an important industry in Texas as well in 1901 a petroleum discovery at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont was developed as the most productive oil well the world had ever seen the wave of oil speculation and discovery that followed came to be known as the "Oil Boom" permanently transforming and enriching the economy of Texas Agriculture and ranching gave way to a service-oriented society after the boom years of World War II Segregation ended in the 1960s due to federal legislation Politically Texas changed from the virtually one-party Democratic state achieved following disenfranchisement to a highly contested political scene until 2000 when it was solidly Republican the economy of Texas has continued to grow rapidly becoming the second-largest state in population in 1994 and became economically highly diversified with a growing base in new technology. ! !
. . After Texas was readmitted to the Union on April 16 1870 Houston continued its growth Houston became a port of entry on July 16 1870 Its new charter drew up eight wards Many freed slaves opened businesses and worked under contracts the Freedmen's Bureau stopped abuse of the contracts in 1870 Many African Americans at the time were in unskilled labor Many former slaves legalized their marriages after the American Civil War White legislators insisted on segregated schools After white Democrats regained power in the state legislature in the late 1870s they began to pass laws to make voter registration more complicated with the effect of disfranchising African Americans the elections of 1876 were accompanied in many southern states with fraud and violence to suppress black voting As white Democrats secured their power they passed Jim Crow laws to establish and enforce legal segregation across the state, 15 References Japanese foreign affairs minister Mamoru Shigemitsu signs the Japanese Instrument of Surrender on board USS Missouri 2 September 1945, The Pine Curtain Cockrell Butterfly Area Houston Museum of Natural Science. Retail See also: List of events in Houston and List of people raised in Houston The Toyota Center the arena for the Houston Rockets opened in fall 2003. ; Lyndon B Johnson Texan and 36th president of the United States, Jersey Village After the original natural grass playing surface died the Astrodome became the first major sports venue to install artificial turf which became known as AstroTurf in another technological first the Astrodome featured the "Astrolite" which was the first animated scoreboard the Astrodome was renovated in 1988 expanding seating and altering many original features, In 1901 the Democratic-dominated state legislature passed a bill requiring payment of a poll tax for voting which effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites and Latinos in addition the legislature established white primaries ensuring minorities were excluded from the formal political process the number of voters dropped dramatically and the Democrats crushed competition from the Republican and Populist parties the Socialist Party became the second-largest party in Texas after 1912 coinciding with a large socialist upsurge in the United States during fierce battles in the labor movement and the popularity of national heroes like Eugene V Debs the Socialists' popularity soon waned after their vilification by the United States government for their opposition to US involvement in World War I.
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