This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (June 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message), The revolution began in October 1835 after a decade of political and cultural clashes between the Mexican government and the increasingly large population of American settlers in Texas the Mexican government had become increasingly centralized and the rights of its citizens had become increasingly curtailed particularly regarding immigration from the United States Colonists and Tejanos disagreed on whether the ultimate goal was independence or a return to the Mexican Constitution of 1824 While delegates at the Consultation (provisional government) debated the war's motives Texians and a flood of volunteers from the United States defeated the small garrisons of Mexican soldiers by mid-December 1835 the Consultation declined to declare independence and installed an interim government whose infighting led to political paralysis and a dearth of effective governance in Texas an ill-conceived proposal to invade Matamoros siphoned much-needed volunteers and provisions from the fledgling Texian Army in March 1836 a second political convention declared independence and appointed leadership for the new Republic of Texas. African Americans are the largest racial minority in Texas Their proportion of population has declined since the early 20th century after many left the state in the Great Migration Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin make up 11.5 percent of the population; blacks of non-Hispanic origin form 11.3 percent of the populace African Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin number at roughly 2.7 million individuals, Many notable music artists have East Texas roots including: George Jones (Saratoga) Miranda Lambert (Lindale) Kacey Musgraves (Mineola) Neal McCoy (Longview and Jacksonville) Lee Ann Womack (Jacksonville) Janis Joplin (Port Arthur) Don Henley (Linden) Ray Price (Perryville) Johnny Horton (Rusk) Johnny Mathis (Gilmer) Tex Ritter (Panola County) Jim Reeves (Panola County) Mark Chesnutt (Beaumont) Tracy Byrd (Vidor) Clay Walker (Beaumont) Chris Tomlin (Grand Saline) and Michelle Shocked (Gilmer) among many others, Main article: Technology during World War II; . Houston is located 165 miles (266 km) east of Austin 88 miles (142 km) west of the Louisiana border and 250 miles (400 km) south of Dallas the city has a total area of 637.4 square miles (1,651 km2); this comprises over 599.59 square miles (1,552.9 km2) of land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) covered by water. Most of Houston is located on the gulf coastal plain and its vegetation is classified as Western Gulf coastal grasslands while further north it transitions into a subtropical jungle the Big Thicket Much of the city was built on forested land marshes swamp and are all still visible in surrounding areas.[citation needed] Flat terrain and extensive greenfield development have combined to worsen flooding. Downtown stands about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 150 feet (46 m) in elevation the city once relied on groundwater for its needs but land subsidence forced the city to turn to ground-level water sources such as Lake Houston Lake Conroe and Lake Livingston the city owns surface water rights for 1.20 billion gallons of water a day in addition to 150 million gallons a day of groundwater. . Ross Perot former U.S presidential candidate born in Texarkana Bowie County, Unlike the rest of the nation most of Texas is on its own alternating current power grid the Texas Interconnection Texas has a deregulated electric service Texas leads the nation in total net electricity production generating 437,236 MWh in 2014 89% more MWh than Florida which ranked second. As an independent nation Texas would rank as the world's eleventh-largest producer of electricity after South Korea and ahead of the United Kingdom.
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