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In 1874 Houston's first permanent public transit system began to be operated by the Houston City Street Railway Company. From 1874 until 1891 all of the transit service was operated using mule-driven streetcars when electric streetcars began to be implemented in their place the conversion to electric streetcars was completed in 1892. . 4 Government and politics During its recent history Houston has flooded several times from heavy rainfall which has been becoming increasingly common. This has been exacerbated by a lack of zoning laws which allowed unregulated building of residential homes and other structures in flood-prone areas. During the floods in 2015 and 2016 each of which dropped at least a foot of rain parts of the city were covered in several inches of water. Even worse flooding happened in late August 2017 when Hurricane Harvey stalled over southeastern Texas much like Tropical Storm Allison did sixteen years earlier causing severe flooding in the Houston area with some areas receiving over 50 inches (1,300 mm) of rain the rainfall exceeded 50 inches in several areas locally breaking the national record for rainfall the damage for the Houston area is estimated at up to $125 billion U.S dollars and it is considered to be one of the worst natural disasters in the history of the United States with the death toll exceeding 70 people on January 31 2018 the Houston City Council agreed to forgive large water bills thousands of households faced in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey as Houston Public Works found 6,362 homeowners' water utility bills had at least doubled. . Both plans started in July but by mid-September the Battle for Guadalcanal took priority for the Japanese and troops in New Guinea were ordered to withdraw from the Port Moresby area to the northern part of the island where they faced Australian and United States troops in the Battle of Buna-Gona. Guadalcanal soon became a focal point for both sides with heavy commitments of troops and ships in the battle for Guadalcanal By the start of 1943 the Japanese were defeated on the island and withdrew their troops in Burma Commonwealth forces mounted two operations the first an offensive into the Arakan region in late 1942 went disastrously forcing a retreat back to India by May 1943 the second was the insertion of irregular forces behind Japanese front-lines in February which by the end of April had achieved mixed results.

Flag Great Seal Monuments Motto Anthem Bird World Heritage Sites. ; 16 Further reading Main article: Portuguese colonization of the Americas 2000 Census Northeast Gulf of Mexico which extends from a point east of the Mississippi River Delta near Biloxi to the eastern side of Apalachee Bay. 12.3 Census-designated places Catholic 23 The Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research a think tank has described Greater Houston as "one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse metropolitan areas in the country". Houston's diversity fueled by large waves of immigrants has been attributed to its relatively low cost of living strong job market proximity to Latin America and role as a hub for refugee resettlement a 2012 Kinder Institute report found that based on the evenness of population distribution between the four major racial groups in the United States (non-Hispanic white non-Hispanic black Hispanic or Latino and Asian) Greater Houston was the most ethnically diverse metropolitan area in the United States ahead of New York City in 2017 according to the U.S Census Bureau non-Hispanic whites made up 24.9% of the population of Houston proper Hispanics or Latinos 44.5% Blacks or African Americans 22.9% and Asians 6.7%; Sam Houston former president of the Republic of Texas former governor of Texas retired in Huntsville Walker County 12 Sports Geology Per the American Community Survey's 2013-2017 estimates Houston's age distribution was 569,656 under 18; 1,697,680 aged 18 to 20; 1,611,185 aged 21 to 61; 288,654 aged 62 to 64; and 228,460 aged 65 and older the median age was 32.9 down from 33.5 in 2014; the city's youthfulness has been attributed to an influx of an African American New Great Migration Hispanic or Latin American and Asian immigrants into Texas for every 100 females there were 100.3 males. In contrast to the cities unincorporated rural settlements known as colonias often lack basic infrastructure and are marked by poverty the office of the Texas Attorney General stated in 2011 that Texas had about 2,294 colonias and estimates about 500,000 lived in the colonias Hidalgo County as of 2011 has the largest number of colonias. Texas has the largest number of people of all states living in colonias, As a result of the Obama sweep in 2008 many Democratic candidates in contests for lower-level offices also benefited and many Republican incumbents were replaced by Democrats in the Harris County courthouse Some of the defeated Republican district court judges were later re-appointed to vacant District Court benches by Governor Rick Perry in 2018 Democrats swept the court capturing all 59 seats on the civil criminal family juvenile and probate courts. Whether a Native American tribe was friendly or warlike was critical to the fates of European explorers and settlers in that land. Friendly tribes taught newcomers how to grow indigenous crops prepare foods and hunt wild game Warlike tribes made life difficult and dangerous for Europeans through their attacks and resistance to the newcomers.