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. In 1860 most Houstonians supported John C Breckinridge an independent Democratic candidate for president However he lost the election to Abraham Lincoln As the Civil War began there was tension between supporters of the Confederacy and the few Union sympathizers the Chamber of Commerce kept the city together during the conflict Galveston was blockaded on October 4 1862 which in turn soured Houston's economy on January 1 1863 John B Magruder's Confederate forces recaptured the city However the war was won by the Union forces in 1865 Texas was governed under a military command during Reconstruction but Federal forces could not control the anarchy and lawlessness that broke out after the war Civilians settled old grudges and several counties were essentially without civilian government, Contents Roadways 3.2 2010 Census Pearland (mostly in Brazoria County and a small part in Fort Bend County). . ! . The city of Houston was founded by land speculators on August 30 1836 at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou (a point now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5 1837 the city is named after former General Sam Houston who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas' independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of Allen's Landing. After briefly serving as the capital of the Texas Republic in the late 1830s Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the remainder of the 19th century, The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston-area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the UH System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout Texas These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston After five years 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region.

Main article: Geography of Houston, 3.1 2015 Texas Population Estimate Program, Texas's second-largest air facility is Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) it served as the largest hub for the former Continental Airlines which was based in Houston; it serves as the largest hub for United Airlines the world's third-largest airline by passenger-miles flown. IAH offers service to the most Mexican destinations of any U.S airport the next five largest airports in the state all serve over 3 million passengers annually; they include Austin-Bergstrom International Airport William P Hobby Airport San Antonio International Airport Dallas Love Field and El Paso International Airport the smallest airport in the state to be designated an international airport is Del Rio International Airport. Texas Corporation US Residential architecture Houston is home to many parks including Hermann Park which houses the Houston Zoo and the Houston Museum of Natural Science and Memorial Park What was once the Houston Civic Center was replaced by the George R Brown Convention Center one of the nation's largest; and the Jesse H Jones Hall for the Performing Arts home of the Houston Symphony Orchestra the Sam Houston Coliseum and Music Hall have been replaced by the Hobby Center for the Performing Arts, President Andrew Johnson appointed Union General A J Hamilton as provisional governor on June 17 1865 Hamilton had been a prominent politician before the war He granted amnesty to ex-Confederates if they promised to support the Union in the future appointing some to office on March 30 1870 although Texas did not meet all the requirements Congress restored Texas to the Union; The Axis advance in the Pacific halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway; later Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and then decisively at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union Key setbacks in 1943 which included a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front the Allied invasions of Sicily and Italy and Allied victories in the Pacific cost the Axis its initiative and forced it into strategic retreat on all fronts in 1944 the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and turned toward Germany and its allies During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in Central China South China and Burma while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands. .