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During the spring Texas wildflowers such as the state flower the bluebonnet line highways throughout Texas During the Johnson Administration the first lady Lady Bird Johnson worked to draw attention to Texas wildflowers, In 1799 Spain gave Louisiana back to France in exchange for the promise of a throne in central Italy Although the agreement was signed on October 1 1800 it did not go into effect until 1802 the following year Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States the original agreement between Spain and France had not explicitly specified the borders of Louisiana and the descriptions in the documents were ambiguous and contradictory the United States insisted that its purchase also included most of West Florida and all of Texas, 12.1 Cities (multiple counties) (-8) 29! . . . . Under orders from Smith Houston successfully dissuaded all but 70 men from continuing to follow Johnson. With his own authority in question following Smith's impeachment Houston washed his hands of the army and journeyed to Nacogdoches to negotiate a treaty with Cherokee leaders Houston vowed that Texas would recognize Cherokee claims to land in East Texas as long as the Indians refrained from attacking settlements or assisting the Mexican army in his absence Fannin as the highest-ranking officer active in the regular army led the men who did not want to go to Matamoros to Goliad. Determined to control politics in the state reduce competition from Republicans and Populists and close blacks out of politics in 1901 the Democrat-dominated state legislature passed a poll tax as a requirement for voting Given the economic difficulties of the times the poll tax caused participation by African Americans poor whites and Mexican Americans to drop sharply effectively disenfranchising more than one-third of the population of the state, Austin's settlers the Old Three Hundred made places along the Brazos River in 1822. Twenty-three other empresarios brought settlers to the state the majority of whom were from the United States the population of Texas grew rapidly in 1825 Texas had about 3,500 people with most of Mexican descent by 1834 the population had grown to about 37,800 people with only 7,800 of Mexican descent. Most of these early settlers who arrived with Austin and soon after were persons less than fortunate in life as Texas was devoid of the comforts found elsewhere in Mexico and the United States during that time Early Texas settler David B Edwards described his fellow Texans as being "banished from the pleasures of life", The population of the new state was quite small at first and there was a strong mix between the English-speaking American settlers that dominated in the state's eastern/northeastern portions and the Spanish-speaking former Mexicans that dominated in the state's southern and western portions Statehood brought many new settlers Because of the long Spanish presence in Mexico and various failed colonization efforts by the Spanish and Mexicans in northern Mexico there were large herds of Longhorn cattle that roamed the state Hardy by nature but also suitable for slaughtering and consumption they represented an economic opportunity many entrepreneurs seized upon thus creating the cowboy culture for which Texas is famous While in the early days of the republic cattle and bison were slaughtered for their hides soon a beef industry was established with cattle being shipped all over the U.S and the Caribbean (within a few decades beef had become a staple of the American diet). .

Colleges and universities See also: List of cities in Texas List of counties in Texas List of Texas metropolitan areas and List of cities in Texas by population, 2.4 1940s 3 Pre-war events Thomas Jefferson Rusk settled in Nacogdoches Nacogdoches County and was also a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas. . . . 2011 estimate 10 Administration by judiciary East Texas is a distinct cultural geographic and ecological area in the U.S state of Texas. .