Cimarron Greater Houston's arterial road network is established at the municipal level with the City of Houston exercising planning control over both its incorporated area and extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) Therefore Houston exercises transportation planning authority over a 2,000-square-mile (5,200 km2) area over five counties many times larger than its corporate area the Major Thoroughfare and Freeway Plan updated annually establishes the city's street hierarchy identifies roadways in need of widening and proposes new roadways in unserved areas Arterial roads are organized into four categories in decreasing order of intensity: major thoroughfares transit corridor streets collector streets and local streets. Roadway classification affects anticipated traffic volumes roadway design and right of way breadth Ultimately the system is designed to ferry traffic from neighborhood streets to major thoroughfares which connect into the limited-access highway system. Notable arterial roads in the region include Westheimer Road Memorial Drive Texas State Highway 6 Farm to Market Road 1960 Bellaire Boulevard and Telephone Road, In the 1870s white Democrats wrested power back in the state legislature from the biracial coalition at the end of Reconstruction in the early 20th century the legislature passed bills to impose poll taxes followed by white primaries; these measures effectively disfranchised most blacks poor whites and Mexican Americans in the 1890s 100,000 blacks voted in the state; by 1906 only 5,000 could vote. As a result the Democratic Party dominated Texas politics from the turn of the century imposing racial segregation and white supremacy it held power until after passage in the mid-1960s of national civil rights legislation enforcing constitutional rights of all citizens. The city's major sports teams were using outdated stadiums and threatened to leave Eventually the Houston Oilers did so after several threats the city built Enron Field now Minute Maid Park for the Houston Astros Reliant Stadium now NRG Stadium was erected for the NFL expansion team Houston Texans.[citation needed].
Although the Red Army was preparing for strategic counter-offensives before the war Barbarossa forced the Soviet supreme command to adopt a strategic defence During the summer the Axis made significant gains into Soviet territory inflicting immense losses in both personnel and materiel By the middle of August however the German Army High Command decided to suspend the offensive of a considerably depleted Army Group Centre and to divert the 2nd Panzer Group to reinforce troops advancing towards central Ukraine and Leningrad the Kiev offensive was overwhelmingly successful resulting in encirclement and elimination of four Soviet armies and made possible further advance into Crimea and industrially developed Eastern Ukraine (the First Battle of Kharkov). . . . . . . In 1839 the Republic of Texas relocated its capital to Austin the town suffered another setback that year when a yellow fever epidemic claimed about one life out of every eight residents Yet it persisted as a commercial center forming a symbiosis with its Gulf Coast port Galveston Landlocked farmers brought their produce to Houston using Buffalo Bayou to gain access to Galveston and the Gulf of Mexico Houston merchants profited from selling staples to farmers and shipping the farmers' produce to Galveston, 12.4 Economic and demographic change Africans were also conquistadors in the early Conquest campaigns in the Caribbean and Mexico in the 1500s there were enslaved black free black and free black sailors on Spanish ships crossing the Atlantic and developing new routes of conquest and trade in the Americas. After 1521 the wealth and credit generated by the acquisition of the Mexica Empire funded auxiliary forces of black conquistadors that could number as many as five hundred Spaniards recognized the value of these fighters Although they usually chose to forget black contributions in written accounts of Spanish campaigns Spaniards occasionally admitted that African men were outstanding soldiers (because so many African men became slaves by being captured on battlefields back in Africa they already had military experience before coming to the Americas).
Johns Hopkins University