Although Christopher Columbus was credited with the discovery of the Americas by Europeans the ships in his four voyages never reached the Gulf of Mexico Instead Columbus sailed into the Caribbean around Cuba and Hispaniola the first European exploration of the Gulf of Mexico was by Amerigo Vespucci in 1497 He followed the coastal land mass of Central America before returning to the Atlantic Ocean via the Straits of Florida between Florida and Cuba in his letters Vespucci described this trip and once Juan de la Cosa returned to Spain a famous world map depicting Cuba as an island was produced. ; .
A 1718 map of Texas by Guillaume de L'Isle Approximate state area highlighted northern areas indefinite, 5.3 Mexican retreat and surrender (11.9) 46.2 Spanish 29.21% In the 1620s and 1630s the Dutch West India Company established many trade posts or colonies the Spanish silver fleet which carried silver from Spanish colonies to Spain were seized by Piet Heyn in 1628 in 1629 Suriname and Guyana were established.[clarification needed] in 1630 the West India Company conquered part of Brazil and the colony of New Holland (capital Mauritsstad present-day Recife) was founded. On April 9 2018 the Astrodome was used as a museum for the event known as "Domecoming" Around 1,150 seaports dot Texas's coast with over 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of channels. Ports employ nearly one-million people and handle an average of 317 million metric tons. Texas ports connect with the rest of the U.S Atlantic seaboard with the Gulf section of the Intracoastal Waterway the Port of Houston today is the busiest port in the United States in foreign tonnage second in overall tonnage and tenth worldwide in tonnage the Houston Ship Channel spans 530 feet (160 m) wide by 45 feet (14 m) deep by 50 miles (80 km) long. Ferdinand incorporated the American territories into his domain and then withdrew the authority granted to governor Christopher Columbus and the first conquistadors He established direct royal control with the Council of the Indies the most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire both in the Americas and in Asia After unifying Castile Ferdinand introduced to Castile many laws regulations and institutions such as the Inquisition that were typical in Aragon These laws were later used in the new lands, Houston has introduced many programs since the 2000 federal order to reduce air pollution in the city.[citation needed] the most notable project was the METRORail light rail system constructed in 2004 the light rail system was designed to encourage Houstonians to utilize public transportation instead of their automobiles, During much of the dispute with the United States governance of New Spain was in question in 1808 Napoleon forced the Spanish king to abdicate the throne and appointed Joseph Bonaparte as the new monarch a shadow government operated out of Cadiz during Joseph's reign. Revolutionaries within Mexico and the United States unsuccessfully combined to declare Texas and Mexico independent.
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