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. Texas modernized and expanded its system of higher education through the 1960s the state created a comprehensive plan for higher education funded in large part by oil revenues and a central state apparatus designed to manage state institutions more efficiently These changes helped Texas universities receive federal research funds, Katy The 1st Congress of the Republic of Texas convened in October 1836 at Columbia (now West Columbia) it overturned the Mexican prohibition of slavery although it allowed slaveholders to free their slaves if they desired Stephen F Austin known as the Father of Texas died December 27 1836 after serving two months as Secretary of State for the new Republic in 1836 five sites served as temporary capitals of Texas (Washington-on-the-Brazos Harrisburg Galveston Velasco and Columbia) before President Sam Houston moved the capital to Houston in 1837 in 1839 the capital was moved to the new town of Austin by the next president Mirabeau B Lamar, 4.5 State government The Consultation finally convened on November 3 in San Felipe with 58 of the 98 elected delegates. After days of bitter debate the delegates voted to create a provisional government based on the principles of the Constitution of 1824 Although they did not declare independence the delegates insisted they would not rejoin Mexico until federalism had been reinstated the new government would consist of a governor and a General Council with one representative from each municipality Under the assumption that these two branches would cooperate there was no system of checks and balances. Many Mexican soldiers retreated through the marsh to Peggy Lake.[Note 15] Texian riflemen stationed themselves on the banks and shot at anything that moved Many Texian officers including Houston and Rusk attempted to stop the slaughter but they were unable to gain control of the men Texians continued to chant "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" while frightened Mexican infantry yelled "Me no Alamo!" and begged for mercy to no avail in what historian Davis called "one of the most one-sided victories in history" 650 Mexican soldiers were killed and 300 captured. Eleven Texians died with 30 others including Houston wounded! Soviet and Polish forces stormed and captured Berlin in late April in Italy German forces surrendered on 29 April on 30 April the Reichstag was captured signalling the military defeat of Nazi Germany Berlin garrison surrendered on 2 May. . Ike (2008) The cattle industry continued to thrive though it gradually became less profitable Cotton and lumber became major industries creating new economic booms in various regions of the state Railroad networks grew rapidly as did the port at Galveston as commerce between Texas and the rest of the U.S (and the rest of the world) expanded As with some other states before the lumber industry quickly decimated the forests of Texas such that by the early 20th century the majority of the forest population in Texas was gone (later conservation efforts restored some of it but never to the level it once was). .

Greater Houston's arterial road network is established at the municipal level with the City of Houston exercising planning control over both its incorporated area and extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) Therefore Houston exercises transportation planning authority over a 2,000-square-mile (5,200 km2) area over five counties many times larger than its corporate area the Major Thoroughfare and Freeway Plan updated annually establishes the city's street hierarchy identifies roadways in need of widening and proposes new roadways in unserved areas Arterial roads are organized into four categories in decreasing order of intensity: major thoroughfares transit corridor streets collector streets and local streets. Roadway classification affects anticipated traffic volumes roadway design and right of way breadth Ultimately the system is designed to ferry traffic from neighborhood streets to major thoroughfares which connect into the limited-access highway system. Notable arterial roads in the region include Westheimer Road Memorial Drive Texas State Highway 6 Farm to Market Road 1960 Bellaire Boulevard and Telephone Road; . ; 15 References German Irish and English Americans are the three largest European ancestry groups in Texas German Americans make up 11.3 percent of the population and number over 2.7 million members Irish Americans make up 8.2 percent of the population and number over 1.9 million members There are roughly 600,000 French Americans and 472,000 Italian Americans residing in Texas; these two ethnic groups make up 2.5 percent and 2.0 percent of the population respectively in the 1980 United States Census the largest ancestry group reported in Texas was English with 3,083,323 Texans citing they were of English or mostly English ancestry making them 27 percent of the state at the time. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies (the census of 1790 gives 48% of the population of English ancestry; together 12% Scots and Scots-Irish; 4.5% Irish South 90% were Protestant and 3% Welsh = 67.5% British; 13% were German Swiss Dutch and French Huguenots; 19% African-American Colin Bonwick the American Revolution 1991 p 254) and thus many of them today identify as "American" in ancestry though they are of predominantly British stock. There are nearly 200,000 Czech-Americans living in Texas the largest number of any state. Houston's murder rate ranked 46th of U.S cities with a population over 250,000 in 2005 (per capita rate of 16.3 murders per 100,000 population) in 2010 the city's murder rate (per capita rate of 11.8 murders per 100,000 population) was ranked sixth among U.S cities with a population of over 750,000 (behind New York City Chicago Detroit Dallas and Philadelphia) according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Weather Government and politics 145 Carol Alvarado Democratic 2008 Inner southeastern portions of Houston (mainly east of I-45) South Houston (not part of the city of Houston) According to the U.S Census Bureau the county has a total area of 1,777 square miles (4,600 km2) of which 1,703 square miles (4,410 km2) is land and 74 square miles (190 km2) (4.2%) is covered by water. Both its total area and land area are larger than the state of Rhode Island.