. Texas lies between two major cultural spheres of Pre-Columbian North America: the Southwestern and the Plains areas Archaeologists have found that three major indigenous cultures lived in this territory and reached their developmental peak before the first European contact These were:. 8.4 Airports Houston Texas Business Directory. Support for the Confederacy was perhaps weakest in Texas; Elliott estimates that only a third of the white men in early 1861 supported the Confederacy Many unionists supported the Confederacy after the war began but many others clung to their unionism throughout the war especially in the northern counties the German districts and the Mexican areas Local officials harassed unionists and engaged in large-scale massacres against unionists and Germans in Cooke County 150 suspected unionists were arrested; 25 were lynched without trial and 40 more were hanged after a summary trial Draft resistance was widespread especially among Texans of German or Mexican descent; many of the latter went to Mexico Potential draftees went into hiding Confederate officials hunted them down and many were shot on August 1 1862 Confederate troops executed 34 pro-Union German Texans in the "Nueces Massacre" of civilians! Houston has an international flavor and is home to several multicultural arts organizations including: MECA (Multicultural Education and Counseling through the Arts) Kuumba House Dance Theatre and Nuestra Palabra: Latino Writers Having Their Say. Houston is one of few United States cities with permanent professional resident companies in all major performing arts disciplines: opera (Houston Grand Opera) ballet (Houston Ballet) music (Houston Symphony Orchestra) and theater (The Alley Theatre Theatre Under the Stars). Houston is also home to folk artists art groups and various small progressive arts organizations.
As of the colonial period Texas was largely divided between 6 culture groups the Caddoan peoples occupied the area surrounding the entire length of the Red River Upon contact with Europeans they formed four collective confederacies known as the Natchitoches the Hasinai the Wichita & the Kadohadocho (Caddo) All four of them held some land in what is now Texas. Along the Gulf Coast region were the Atakapa tribes with at least one Coahuiltecan tribe (a culture group primarily from Northeast Mexico) a little further west on the Rio Grande Largely between the Rio Grande & Peco River were the Puebloan peoples part of an extensive civilization of tribes that lived in what are now the states of Texas New Mexico Colorado & Utah While the northern-most groups faced a cultural collapse due to a drought many of the southern tribes survive to the present North of the Pueblos were the Apachean tribes Although commonly referred to as one single nation they are actually a culture group. North of the Apacheans in the Northern Panhandle region were the Comanches. 3.4 Poverty 2015 Texas Population Estimate Program, Houston Texas Business Directory Areas outside of municipal city limits (and some smaller municipalities) have fire and emergency medical services provided by Emergency Service Districts distinct governmental units with the ability to levy property and sales taxes ESD's may provide fire service EMS service or both (dual services) and the services they provide determine the limits on their adoptable tax rate. The Astrodome was joined by a new neighbor in 2002 the retractable-roofed Reliant Stadium (now known as NRG Stadium) which was built to house Houston's new NFL franchise the Houston Texans the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo moved to the new venue in 2003 leaving the Astrodome without any major tenants the last concert at the Astrodome was George Strait & the Ace in the Hole Band during the 2002 Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo before a record crowd of 68,266; the performance was recorded in For the Last Time: Live from the Astrodome! . . The Portuguese assimilated some of the native tribes while others were enslaved or exterminated in long wars or by European diseases to which they had no immunity. By the mid-16th century sugar had become Brazil's most important export and the Portuguese imported African slaves to produce it; . .
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