Three loop freeways provide north-south and east-west connectivity between Greater Houston's radial highways the innermost loop is Interstate 610 commonly known as the Inner Loop which encircles Downtown the Texas Medical Center Greenway Plaza the cities of West University Place and Southside Place and many core neighborhoods the 88-mile (142 km) State Highway Beltway 8 often referred to as the Beltway forms the middle loop at a radius of roughly 10 miles (16 km) a third 180-mile (290 km) loop with a radius of approximately 25 miles (40 km) State Highway 99 (the Grand Parkway) is currently under construction with six of eleven segments completed as of 2018. Completed segments D through G provide a continuous 70.4-mile (113.3 km) limited-access tollway connection between Sugar Land Katy Cypress Spring and Porter, Geologists and other Earth scientists agree in general that the present Gulf of Mexico basin originated in Late Triassic time as the result of rifting within Pangea the rifting was associated with zones of weakness within Pangea including sutures where the Laurentia South American and African plates collided to create it First there was a Late Triassic-Early Jurassic phase of rifting during which rift valleys formed and filled with continental red beds Second as rifting progressed through Early and Middle Jurassic time continental crust was stretched and thinned This thinning created a broad zone of transitional crust which displays modest and uneven thinning with block faulting and a broad zone of uniformly thinned transitional crust which is half the typical 40 kilometer thickness of normal continental crust it was at this time that rifting first created a connection to the Pacific Ocean across central Mexico and later eastward to the Atlantic Ocean This flooded the opening basin to create the Gulf of Mexico as an enclosed marginal sea While the Gulf of Mexico was a restricted basin the subsiding transitional crust was blanketed by the widespread deposition of Louann Salt and associated anhydrite evaporites During the Late Jurassic continued rifting widened the Gulf of Mexico and progressed to the point that sea-floor spreading and formation of oceanic crust occurred at this point sufficient circulation with the Atlantic Ocean was established that the deposition of Louann Salt ceased. Seafloor spreading stopped at the end of Jurassic time about 145-150 million years ago, Main articles: History of Houston and Timeline of Houston! . . ; These attacks led the United States United Kingdom China Australia and several other states to formally declare war on Japan whereas the Soviet Union being heavily involved in large-scale hostilities with European Axis countries maintained its neutrality agreement with Japan. Germany followed by the other Axis states declared war on the United States in solidarity with Japan citing as justification the American attacks on German war vessels that had been ordered by Roosevelt, Diego de Ordaz (Venezuela 1532)! ; As of 2012 Vietnamese were the largest group of Asians in Harris County As of 1995 most Vietnamese Filipinos and Chinese stated that they were Republicans while most Indians and Pakistanis stated that they were Democrats in 2012 Indians and Pakistanis continue to identify as Democrats while Chinese Filipinos and Vietnamese were increasingly identifying as independents or Democrats, Maternal health Farmers and ranchers were especially hard hit as prices for cotton and livestock fell sharply Beginning in 1934 and lasting until 1939 the Dust Bowl an ecological disaster of severe wind and drought caused an exodus from Texas and the surrounding plains in which over 500,000 Americans were homeless hungry and jobless. Thousands left the region forever to seek economic opportunities in California For the majority of farmers who remained the New Deal's Agricultural Adjustment Act was a crash program started in 1933 that in two weeks signed up cotton growers even as agents and committeemen faced poor roads bureaucratic delays inadequate supplies balking mules and language barriers it brought recovery by the mid-1930s raising cotton prices by controls on how much farmers could plant. Notwithstanding the concentration of elite medical centers in the state the Commonwealth Fund ranks the Texas healthcare system the third worst in the nation. Texas ranks close to last in access to healthcare quality of care avoidable hospital spending and equity among various groups. Causes of the state's poor rankings include politics a high poverty rate and the highest rate of illegal immigration in the nation in May 2006 Texas initiated the program "code red" in response to the report the state had 25.1 percent of the population without health insurance the largest proportion in the nation. Research shows that adolescents who see alcohol use in advertisements television shows and movies are more likely to start drinking alcohol at a younger age Drinking at a young age is correlated with long-term alcohol abuse, Houston Texas Business Directory, Motorsports The Mardi Gras shipwreck around the early-19th century about 35 miles off the coast of Louisiana in 4,000 feet (1220 meters) of water She is believed to have been a privateer or trader the shipwreck whose real identity remains a mystery lay forgotten at the bottom of the sea until it was discovered in 2002 by an oilfield inspection crew working for the Okeanos Gas Gathering Company (OGGC) in May 2007 an expedition led by Texas A&M University and funded by OGGC under an agreement with the Minerals Management Service (now BOEM) was launched to undertake the deepest scientific archaeological excavation ever attempted at that time to study the site on the seafloor and recover artifacts for eventual public display in the Louisiana State Museum As part of the project educational outreach Nautilus Productions in partnership with BOEM Texas A&M University the Florida Public Archaeology Network and Veolia Environmental produced a one-hour HD documentary about the project short videos for public viewing and provided video updates during the expedition Video footage from the ROV was an integral part of this outreach and used extensively in the Mystery Mardi Gras Shipwreck documentary.
The Texas Medical Center in Houston holds the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions with 47 member institutions. Texas Medical Center performs the most heart transplants in the world the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center in Houston is a highly regarded academic institution that centers around cancer patient care research education and prevention. ! Voters rejected efforts to have separate residential and commercial land-use districts in 1948 1962 and 1993 Consequently rather than a single central business district as the center of the city's employment multiple districts have grown throughout the city in addition to Downtown which include Uptown the Texas Medical Center Midtown Greenway Plaza Memorial City the Energy Corridor Westchase and Greenspoint. The Astrodome hosted the 1989 NBA All-Star Game Attendance was 44,735 and Karl Malone won MVP honors.
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