Goldfarb, Gary M

. In 1901 the Democratic-dominated state legislature passed a bill requiring payment of a poll tax for voting which effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites and Latinos in addition the legislature established white primaries ensuring minorities were excluded from the formal political process the number of voters dropped dramatically and the Democrats crushed competition from the Republican and Populist parties the Socialist Party became the second-largest party in Texas after 1912 coinciding with a large socialist upsurge in the United States during fierce battles in the labor movement and the popularity of national heroes like Eugene V Debs the Socialists' popularity soon waned after their vilification by the United States government for their opposition to US involvement in World War I, New land use policies drafted during the administration of Governor John Ireland enabled individuals to accumulate land leading to the formation of large cattle ranches Many ranchers ran barbed wire around public lands to protect their access to water and free grazing This caused several range wars. Governor Lawrence Sullivan Ross guided the Texas Legislature to reform the land use policies. Although Texas was essentially a one-party state during this time and the Democratic primary was viewed as "the real election," the Democratic Party had conservative and liberal factions which became more pronounced after the New Deal. Additionally several factions of the party briefly split during the 1930s and 1940s, Further information: climate of Houston From 1630 to 1654 the Dutch set up more permanently in the Nordeste and controlled a long stretch of the coast most accessible to Europe without however penetrating the interior But the colonists of the Dutch West India Company in Brazil were in a constant state of siege in spite of the presence in Recife of John Maurice of Nassau as governor After several years of open warfare the Dutch formally withdrew in 1661.

Because Houston is on the Gulf of Mexico the city has a small chance of being hit by hurricanes or tropical storms every hurricane season (June through November). . Adolf Hitler after an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government in 1923 eventually became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933 He abolished democracy espousing a radical racially motivated revision of the world order and soon began a massive rearmament campaign. Meanwhile France to secure its alliance allowed Italy a free hand in Ethiopia which Italy desired as a colonial possession the situation was aggravated in early 1935 when the Territory of the Saar Basin was legally reunited with Germany and Hitler repudiated the Treaty of Versailles accelerated his rearmament programme and introduced conscription, The Alabama Theatre, Dallas Spanish galleons travelled across the Pacific Ocean between Acapulco in Mexico and Manila. Japanese invasion of China (1937) Mexico's attacks on Texas intensified the conflict between the political factions in an incident known as the Texas Archive War in 1842 to "protect" the Texas national archives President Sam Houston ordered them out of Austin Austin residents suspicious of the president's motives because of his avowed disdain of the capital forced the archives back to Austin at gunpoint the Texas Congress admonished Houston for the incident and the incident would solidify Austin as Texas's seat of government for the Republic and the future state. 16.4 Historiography Houston Texas Business Directory Water bodies.