In 1690 Spanish authorities concerned that France posed competitive threat constructed several missions in East Texas. After Native American resistance the Spanish missionaries returned to Mexico. When France began settling Louisiana mostly in the southern part of the state in 1716 Spanish authorities responded by founding a new series of missions in East Texas. Two years later they created San Antonio as the first Spanish civilian settlement in the area. The Axis advance in the Pacific halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway; later Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and then decisively at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union Key setbacks in 1943 which included a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front the Allied invasions of Sicily and Italy and Allied victories in the Pacific cost the Axis its initiative and forced it into strategic retreat on all fronts in 1944 the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and turned toward Germany and its allies During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in Central China South China and Burma while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands. The Rice Hotel built in 1912 on the former site of the old Capitol building of the Republic of Texas was restored in 1998 after years of standing unused the original building was razed in 1881 by Colonel A Groesbeck who subsequently erected a five-story hotel named the Capitol Hotel. William Marsh Rice the founder of Rice University purchased the building in 1883 added a five-story annex and renamed it the Rice Hotel. Rice University then sold the building in 1911 to Jesse Jones who demolished it and built a 17-story structure on the site the new Rice Hotel building opened on May 17 1913 This historic hotel now serves as an apartment building known as the Rice Lofts designed by Page Southerland Page; . Main article: Second Sino-Japanese War 5 See also In 1874 Houston's first permanent public transit system began to be operated by the Houston City Street Railway Company. From 1874 until 1891 all of the transit service was operated using mule-driven streetcars when electric streetcars began to be implemented in their place the conversion to electric streetcars was completed in 1892.
The Astrodome hosted the 1989 NBA All-Star Game Attendance was 44,735 and Karl Malone won MVP honors. ; Houston Texas Business Directory. School Trustee Pct 3 Pos 4 Louis D Evans III Republican, 4 Cityscape 16.4 Historiography Houston is home to the Johnson Space Center NASA's largest research and development facility employing nearly 3,000 federal civil service workers and more than 14,000 contract personnel. Program offices for Project Constellation Orion and other new space vehicle projects will create new jobs at the center.[needs update] the city's burgeoning aerospace industry heralded its second growth spurt which solidified with the 1973 oil crisis the majority of the contractor work force related to the projects will also be located at the center. Texas Governor Rick Perry recently announced a $7.5 million Texas Enterprise Fund (TEF) grant to Lockheed Martin which will bring about 1,000 jobs to the Houston area the grant ensures that Lockheed Martin will create these jobs in the Houston area after they earned a multibillion-dollar contract from NASA to build the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. Houston is also home to the United Space Alliance which employs well over 10,000 people, Nuclear Gadget being raised to the top of the detonation "shot tower" at Alamogordo Bombing Range; Trinity nuclear test New Mexico July 1945; In December southward-moving cold fronts can bring cold rain low wind chills and rarely frozen precipitation Early January is the coldest time of the year with temperatures moderating slightly by February Winter is also the driest part of the year for Houston, The Rice Lofts (formerly the Rice Hotel). Tourism The Anahuac Disturbances in 1832 were the first open revolt against Mexican rule and they coincided with a revolt in Mexico against the nation's president. Texians sided with the federalists against the current government and drove all Mexican soldiers out of East Texas. They took advantage of the lack of oversight to agitate for more political freedom Texians met at the Convention of 1832 to discuss requesting independent statehood among other issues the following year Texians reiterated their demands at the Convention of 1833. .
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