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. ! The city of Houston was founded by land speculators on August 30 1836 at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou (a point now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5 1837 the city is named after former General Sam Houston who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas' independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of Allen's Landing. After briefly serving as the capital of the Texas Republic in the late 1830s Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the remainder of the 19th century. 8 Culture Low rise granite building composed of three large blocks with horizontal banding it has a large glassed entrance that is rounded at the top. Memorial Village (Bunker Hill Piney Point Hunters Creek), Historically four major industries shaped the Texas economy prior to World War II: cattle and bison cotton timber and oil. Before and after the U.S Civil War the cattle industry which Texas came to dominate was a major economic driver for the state thus creating the traditional image of the Texas cowboy in the later 19th century cotton and lumber grew to be major industries as the cattle industry became less lucrative it was ultimately though the discovery of major petroleum deposits (Spindletop in particular) that initiated an economic boom which became the driving force behind the economy for much of the 20th century With strong investments in universities Texas developed a diversified economy and high tech industry in the mid-20th century As of 2015 it is second on the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with 54. With a growing base of industry the state leads in many industries including agriculture petrochemicals energy computers and electronics aerospace and biomedical sciences Texas has led the U.S in state export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product If Texas were a sovereign state it would be the 10th largest economy in the world. .

. . 2 1900s 14 Further reading, While far from the major battlefields of the American Civil War Texas contributed large numbers of men and equipment to the rest of the Confederacy. Union troops briefly occupied the state's primary port Galveston Texas's border with Mexico was known as the "backdoor of the Confederacy" because trade occurred at the border bypassing the Union blockade the Confederacy repulsed all Union attempts to shut down this route but Texas's role as a supply state was marginalized in mid-1863 after the Union capture of the Mississippi River the final battle of the Civil War was fought near Brownsville Texas at Palmito Ranch with a Confederate victory, Harris County ESD #9 Dual Cy-Fair FD 1% .055 Tomball Nicolas de La Fora's 1771 map of the northern frontier of New Spain clearly shows the Provincia de los Tejas. . . Employment Using newly captured French ports the German Navy enjoyed success against an over-extended Royal Navy using U-boats against British shipping in the Atlantic the British Home Fleet scored a significant victory on 27 May 1941 by sinking the German battleship Bismarck, 3.5 The Pine Curtain 2.1 The Early 1900s, Allies close in (1944) Estimates for the total number of casualties in the war vary because many deaths went unrecorded. Most suggest that some 60 million people died in the war including about 20 million military personnel and 40 million civilians. Many of the civilians died because of deliberate genocide massacres mass-bombings disease and starvation.[citation needed].