As of 2018 there are over 60 law enforcement agencies operating in the county. They include: the Harris County Sheriff's Office the Harris County Constable Office the Houston Police Department METRO Police Department other municipal police departments and school district police departments. Japan planned to rapidly seize European colonies in Asia to create a large defensive perimeter stretching into the Central Pacific the Japanese would then be free to exploit the resources of Southeast Asia while exhausting the over-stretched Allies by fighting a defensive war to prevent American intervention while securing the perimeter it was further planned to neutralise the United States Pacific Fleet and the American military presence in the Philippines from the outset on 7 December 1941 (8 December in Asian time zones) Japan attacked British and American holdings with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific. These included an attack on the American fleets at Pearl Harbor and the Philippines landings in Thailand and Malaya and the Battle of Hong Kong, Houston's murder rate ranked 46th of U.S cities with a population over 250,000 in 2005 (per capita rate of 16.3 murders per 100,000 population) in 2010 the city's murder rate (per capita rate of 11.8 murders per 100,000 population) was ranked sixth among U.S cities with a population of over 750,000 (behind New York City Chicago Detroit Dallas and Philadelphia) according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). . Greater Houston possesses a hub-and-spoke limited-access highway system in which a number of freeways radiate outward from Downtown with ring roads providing connections between these radial highways at intermediate distances from the city center the city is crossed by three Interstate highways Interstate 10 Interstate 45 and Interstate 69 (commonly known as U.S Route 59) as well as a number of other United States routes and state highways Major freeways in Greater Houston are often referred to by either the cardinal direction or geographic location they travel towards Highways that follow the cardinal convention include U.S Route 290 (Northwest Freeway) Interstate 45 north of Downtown (North Freeway) Interstate 10 east of Downtown (East Freeway) Texas State Highway 288 (South Freeway) and Interstate 69 south of Downtown (Southwest Freeway) Highways that follow the location convention include Interstate 10 west of Downtown (Katy Freeway) Interstate 69 north of Downtown (Eastex Freeway) Interstate 45 south of Downtown (Gulf Freeway) and Texas State Highway 225 (La Porte or Pasadena Freeway). The 2003 Texas redistricting of Congressional districts led by Republican Tom DeLay was called by the New York Times "an extreme case of partisan gerrymandering" a group of Democratic legislators the "Texas Eleven" fled the state in a quorum-busting effort to prevent the legislature from acting but was unsuccessful the state had already redistricted following the 2000 census Despite these efforts the legislature passed a map heavily in favor of Republicans based on 2000 data and ignoring the estimated nearly one million new residents in the state since that date Career attorneys and analysts at the Department of Justice objected to the plan as diluting the votes of African American and Hispanic voters but political appointees overrode them and approved it. Legal challenges to the redistricting reached the national Supreme Court in the case League of United Latin American Citizens v Perry (2006) but the court ruled in favor of the state (and Republicans). Houston has sports teams for every major professional league except the National Hockey League the Houston Astros are a Major League Baseball expansion team formed in 1962 (known as the "Colt .45s" until 1965) that won the World Series in 2017 and previously appeared in 2005 It is the only MLB team to have won pennants in both modern leagues the Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association franchise based in the city since 1971 They have won two NBA Championships one in 1994 and another in 1995 under star players Hakeem Olajuwon Otis Thorpe Clyde Drexler Vernon Maxwell and Kenny Smith the Houston Texans are a National Football League expansion team formed in 2002 the Houston Dynamo is a Major League Soccer franchise that has been based in Houston since 2006 winning two MLS Cup titles in 2006 and 2007 the Houston Dash team plays in the National Women's Soccer League the Houston SaberCats are a rugby team that plays in Major League Rugby, German panzers of the Afrika Korps advancing across the North African desert 1941 Frustrated at the lack of progress and feeling the pinch of the American-British-Dutch sanctions Japan prepared for war on 20 November a new government under Hideki Tojo presented an interim proposal as its final offer it called for the end of American aid to China and for lifting the embargo on the supply of oil and other resources to Japan in exchange Japan promised not to launch any attacks in Southeast Asia and to withdraw its forces from southern Indochina the American counter-proposal of 26 November required that Japan evacuate all of China without conditions and conclude non-aggression pacts with all Pacific powers. That meant Japan was essentially forced to choose between abandoning its ambitions in China or seizing the natural resources it needed in the Dutch East Indies by force; the Japanese military did not consider the former an option and many officers considered the oil embargo an unspoken declaration of war. Thousands of enslaved African-Americans lived near the city before the Civil War Many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs in 1860 forty-nine percent of the city's population was enslaved Frost Town a nearby settlement south of the Buffalo Bayou was swallowed by Houston.[citation needed].
Racial composition 2010 2000 1990 1970, 8 Corpus Christi Nueces 325,733 Pre-European era, Religion Sam Houston. . 5 Health care and biomedical, 3.1 Music The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1900 3,048,710 36.4% The gold brought home from Guinea stimulated the commercial energy of the Portuguese and its European neighbours especially Spain Apart from their religious and scientific aspects these voyages of discovery were highly profitable. 14 Further reading After a series of United States victories the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the two-year war in return for US$18,250,000 Mexico gave the U.S undisputed control of Texas ceded the Mexican Cession in 1848 most of which today is called the American Southwest and Texas's borders were established at the Rio Grande, (25.6) 85.2 29 CenterPoint Energy 279 Education, Smith County (209,714) Houston Texas Business Directory; . Despite the region's high rate of automobile usage attitudes towards transportation among Houstonians indicate a growing preference for walkability a 2017 study by the Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research found that 56% of Harris County residents have a preference for dense housing in a mixed-use walkable setting as opposed to single-family housing in a low-density area a plurality of survey respondents also indicated that traffic congestion was the most significant problem facing the metropolitan area in addition many households in the city of Houston have no car in 2015 8.3 percent of Houston households lacked a car which was virtually unchanged in 2016 (8.1 percent) the national average was 8.7 percent in 2016 Houston averaged 1.59 cars per household in 2016 compared to a national average of 1.8, The 2010 United States Census reported that Houston had a population of 2,100,263 residents in 2017 the census-estimated population rose to 2,312,717 and in 2018 to 2,325,502 an estimated 600,000 undocumented immigrants reside in the Houston area comprising nearly 9% of the city's metropolitan population. 3.1 Music Main article: 2006 Gulf of Mexico earthquake The Portuguese assimilated some of the native tribes while others were enslaved or exterminated in long wars or by European diseases to which they had no immunity. By the mid-16th century sugar had become Brazil's most important export and the Portuguese imported African slaves to produce it. !
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