Poverty Beaumont (118,296), 4.3 Encroachment Nowhere were the wartime effects greater than in Houston which in 1940 was a city of 400,000 population dependent on shipping and oil the war dramatically expanded the city's economic base thanks to massive federal spending Energetic entrepreneurs most notably George Brown James Elkins and James Abercrombie landed hundreds of millions of dollars in federal wartime investment in technologically complex facilities Houston oil companies moved from being refiners and became sophisticated producers of petrochemicals Especially important were synthetic rubber and high octane fuel which retained their importance after the war the war moved the natural gas industry from a minor factor to a major energy source; Houston became a major hub when a local firm purchased the federally-financed Inch pipelines Other major growth industries included steel munitions and shipbuilding, 17 External links See also: List of Houston rappers! County Judge Lina Hidalgo Democratic Japan planned to rapidly seize European colonies in Asia to create a large defensive perimeter stretching into the Central Pacific the Japanese would then be free to exploit the resources of Southeast Asia while exhausting the over-stretched Allies by fighting a defensive war to prevent American intervention while securing the perimeter it was further planned to neutralise the United States Pacific Fleet and the American military presence in the Philippines from the outset on 7 December 1941 (8 December in Asian time zones) Japan attacked British and American holdings with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific. These included an attack on the American fleets at Pearl Harbor and the Philippines landings in Thailand and Malaya and the Battle of Hong Kong. By the start of July 1944 Commonwealth forces in Southeast Asia had repelled the Japanese sieges in Assam pushing the Japanese back to the Chindwin River while the Chinese captured Myitkyina in September 1944 Chinese forces captured Mount Song and reopened the Burma Road in China the Japanese had more successes having finally captured Changsha in mid-June and the city of Hengyang by early August. Soon after they invaded the province of Guangxi winning major engagements against Chinese forces at Guilin and Liuzhou by the end of November and successfully linking up their forces in China and Indochina by mid-December; The Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research a think tank has described Greater Houston as "one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse metropolitan areas in the country". Houston's diversity fueled by large waves of immigrants has been attributed to its relatively low cost of living strong job market proximity to Latin America and role as a hub for refugee resettlement a 2012 Kinder Institute report found that based on the evenness of population distribution between the four major racial groups in the United States (non-Hispanic white non-Hispanic black Hispanic or Latino and Asian) Greater Houston was the most ethnically diverse metropolitan area in the United States ahead of New York City in 2017 according to the U.S Census Bureau non-Hispanic whites made up 24.9% of the population of Houston proper Hispanics or Latinos 44.5% Blacks or African Americans 22.9% and Asians 6.7%, Sissy Spacek Quitman Wood County Coady Government and politics Biota After 1500: West and East Africa Asia and the Pacific 4.2 Colonization The Nichols-Rice-Cherry House (which was moved from San Jacinto Street) is also located in Sam Houston Park it is an example of Greek Revival architecture and was built about 1850 by Ebeneezer B Nichols from New York. Between 1856 and 1873 it was owned by financier William Marsh Rice whose estate helped create Rice Institute (now Rice University) in 1912. After the fort was constructed one of the ships returned to France and the other two were soon destroyed in storms stranding the settlers La Salle and his men searched overland for the Mississippi River traveling as far west as the Rio Grande and as far east as the Trinity River. Disease and hardship laid waste to the colony and by early January 1687 fewer than 45 people remained That month a third expedition launched a final attempt to find the Mississippi the expedition experienced much infighting and La Salle was ambushed and killed somewhere in East Texas; 6.1 Books County facilities Around 2006 Taiwanese people became owners of several independent and small chain hotels in the Houston area in December 2006 C.Y Ling the director of the commercial division of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Houston said that Taiwanese owned more hotels than any other ethnic group except for the Indians. Geology One of the largest crowds in the Astrodome's history more than 66,746 fans came on Sunday February 26 1995 to see Tejano superstar Selena and her band Los Dinos perform for a sell-out crowd during the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo. Selena y Los Dinos performed two consecutive times before at the Astrodome breaking previous attendance records each time This was Selena's last televised concert before she was fatally shot on March 31 1995 by her fan club president, As a seafaring people in the south-westernmost region of Europe the Portuguese became natural leaders of exploration during the Middle Ages Faced with the options of either accessing other European markets by sea by exploiting its seafaring prowess or by land and facing the task of crossing Castile and Aragon territory it is not surprising that goods were sent via the sea to England Flanders Italy and the Hanseatic league towns.[citation needed], The Astrodome was designed by architects Hermon Lloyd & W B Morgan and Wilson Morris Crain and Anderson (Morris Architects) Structural engineering and structural design was performed by Walter P Moore Engineers and Consultants of Houston Credit for the design work on the dome roof structural goes to Dr G.R Kiewitt and Mr Louis O Bass of Roof Structures Inc it was constructed by H A Lott Inc for Harris County it stands 18 stories tall covering 9.5 acres (3.8 ha) the dome is 710 feet (220 m) in diameter and the ceiling is 208 feet (63 m) above the playing surface which itself sits 25 feet (7.6 m) below street level. Main article: Culture of Houston, Agriculture and mining Africans were also conquistadors in the early Conquest campaigns in the Caribbean and Mexico in the 1500s there were enslaved black free black and free black sailors on Spanish ships crossing the Atlantic and developing new routes of conquest and trade in the Americas. After 1521 the wealth and credit generated by the acquisition of the Mexica Empire funded auxiliary forces of black conquistadors that could number as many as five hundred Spaniards recognized the value of these fighters Although they usually chose to forget black contributions in written accounts of Spanish campaigns Spaniards occasionally admitted that African men were outstanding soldiers (because so many African men became slaves by being captured on battlefields back in Africa they already had military experience before coming to the Americas), Main article: Sports in Houston 1960 9,579,677 24.2% Oil On July 1 2013 the North Forest Independent School District closed and its territory became a part of Houston ISD.
6.1 Texas Revolution Houston is home to the Johnson Space Center NASA's largest research and development facility employing nearly 3,000 federal civil service workers and more than 14,000 contract personnel. Program offices for Project Constellation Orion and other new space vehicle projects will create new jobs at the center.[needs update] the city's burgeoning aerospace industry heralded its second growth spurt which solidified with the 1973 oil crisis the majority of the contractor work force related to the projects will also be located at the center. Texas Governor Rick Perry recently announced a $7.5 million Texas Enterprise Fund (TEF) grant to Lockheed Martin which will bring about 1,000 jobs to the Houston area the grant ensures that Lockheed Martin will create these jobs in the Houston area after they earned a multibillion-dollar contract from NASA to build the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. Houston is also home to the United Space Alliance which employs well over 10,000 people. . Houston has been called the Lightning Capital of Texas as its density of lightning strikes is higher than it is in other parts of the state This area of unusually high lightning activity stretches from Houston eastward into Southwest Louisiana Much of this can be explained by the natural occurrence of thunderstorms in the region which form almost daily during the wet season However the unusual clustering of lightning around the developed areas of Houston the Golden Triangle and Lake Charles Louisiana have led many researchers to believe that some combination of urban heat islands and air pollution are responsible for increasing the number of lightning strikes beyond even the already-high natural levels; Gulf of Mexico basin which contains the Sigsbee Deep and can be further divided into the continental rise the Sigsbee Abyssal Plain and the Mississippi Cone, Jehovah's Witnesses 1 Chronology, (17.6) 70.9 University of Houston. When Urrea began marching south in mid-May many families from San Patricio who had supported the Mexican army went with him When Texian troops arrived in early June they found only 20 families remaining the area around San Patricio and Refugio suffered a "noticeable depopulation" in the Republic of Texas years. Although the treaty had specified that Urrea and Filisola would return any slaves their armies had sheltered Urrea refused to comply Many former slaves followed the army to Mexico where they could be free by late May the Mexican troops had crossed the Nueces. Filisola fully expected that the defeat was temporary and that a second campaign would be launched to retake Texas. . . .
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