The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment. Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel the Port of Houston in the United States the port ranks first in international commerce and 10th among the largest ports in the world. Unlike most places high oil and gasoline prices are beneficial for Houston's economy as many of its residents are employed in the energy industry. Houston is the beginning or end point of numerous oil gas and products pipelines, Rice University 12.3 Higher education 6 Economy Both the American Heart Association and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center call Dallas home the Southwestern Medical Center ranks "among the top academic medical centers in the world" the institution's medical school employs the most medical school Nobel laureates in the world. 3.2 Astrodome Indoor City Park 147 Garnet Coleman Democratic 1990 Downtown Houston inner southeastern portions of Houston (mainly west of I-45) Eastern Montrose Midtown Third Ward. ; A 1718 map of Texas by Guillaume de L'Isle Approximate state area highlighted northern areas indefinite, In the summer of 1860 a slave panic erupted in North and East Texas amid rumors of arson by slaves and abolitionists Called the "Texas Troubles" between 30 and 100 blacks and whites were lynched by vigilantes the events were used to arouse support for secession, The large size of Texas and its location at the intersection of multiple climate zones gives the state highly variable weather the Panhandle of the state has colder winters than North Texas while the Gulf Coast has mild winters Texas has wide variations in precipitation patterns El Paso on the western end of the state averages 8.7 inches (220 mm) of annual rainfall while parts of southeast Texas average as much as 64 inches (1,600 mm) per year. Dallas in the North Central region averages a more moderate 37 inches (940 mm) per year. Stephen F Austin the "Father of Texas." Ross Perot former U.S presidential candidate born in Texarkana Bowie County. .
Soviet and Polish forces stormed and captured Berlin in late April in Italy German forces surrendered on 29 April on 30 April the Reichstag was captured signalling the military defeat of Nazi Germany Berlin garrison surrendered on 2 May. Frustrated at the lack of progress and feeling the pinch of the American-British-Dutch sanctions Japan prepared for war on 20 November a new government under Hideki Tojo presented an interim proposal as its final offer it called for the end of American aid to China and for lifting the embargo on the supply of oil and other resources to Japan in exchange Japan promised not to launch any attacks in Southeast Asia and to withdraw its forces from southern Indochina the American counter-proposal of 26 November required that Japan evacuate all of China without conditions and conclude non-aggression pacts with all Pacific powers. That meant Japan was essentially forced to choose between abandoning its ambitions in China or seizing the natural resources it needed in the Dutch East Indies by force; the Japanese military did not consider the former an option and many officers considered the oil embargo an unspoken declaration of war. The Ladies Reading Group of Houston was a significant founder of the public library system in Houston Elizabeth Long the author of the 2003 book Book Clubs: Women and the Uses of Reading in Everyday Life wrote that Houston's "literary scene" contributes and draws upon the overall literary culture of Texas the University of Houston creative writing program opened in 1979 Long wrote that this program "has achieved a national reputation" in subsequent decades in 1985 the Ladies Reading Club had a 100th anniversary celebration, On Palm Sunday March 27 Fannin Ward Westover and their men were marched out of the presidio and shot Mexican cavalry were stationed nearby to chase down any who tried to escape. Approximately 342 Texians died and 27 either escaped or were spared by Mexican troops. Several weeks after the Goliad massacre the Mexican Congress granted an official reprieve to any Texas prisoners who had incurred capital punishment, In the East the intended gains of Lebensraum were never attained as fluctuating front-lines and Soviet scorched earth policies denied resources to the German invaders. Unlike in the West the Nazi racial policy encouraged extreme brutality against what it considered to be the "inferior people" of Slavic descent; most German advances were thus followed by mass executions. Although resistance groups formed in most occupied territories they did not significantly hamper German operations in either the East or the West until late 1943! ! County government, As news of the Alamo's fall spread volunteer ranks swelled reaching about 1,400 men on March 19. Houston learned of Fannin's defeat on March 20 and realized his army was the last hope for an independent Texas Concerned that his ill-trained and ill-disciplined force would only be good for one battle and aware that his men could easily be outflanked by Urrea's forces Houston continued to avoid engagement to the immense displeasure of his troops by March 28 the Texian army had retreated 120 miles (190 km) across the Navidad and Colorado Rivers. Many troops deserted; those who remained grumbled that their commander was a coward, Although no new fighting techniques were introduced during the Texas Revolution casualty figures were quite unusual for the time Generally in 19th-century warfare the number of wounded outnumbered those killed by a factor of two or three From October 1835 through April 1836 approximately 1,000 Mexican and 700 Texian soldiers died while the wounded numbered 500 Mexican and 100 Texian the deviation from the norm was due to Santa Anna's decision to label Texian rebels as traitors and to the Texian desire for revenge. .
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