As part of the Cotton Kingdom planters depended on slave labor in 1860 30% of the total state population of 604,215 were enslaved in the statewide election on the secession ordinance Texans voted to secede from the Union by a vote of 46,129 to 14,697 (a 76% majority) the Secession Convention immediately organized a government replacing Sam Houston when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, Spanish Formosa was established in Taiwan first by Portugal in 1544 and later renamed and repositioned by Spain in Keelung it became a natural defence site for the Iberian Union the colony was designed to protect Spanish and Portuguese trade from interference by the Dutch base in the south of Taiwan the Spanish colony was short-lived due to the unwillingness of Spanish colonial authorities in Manila to defend it. Brick two-storey gambral-roofed house with gracious wrap-around porch and second story balcony with columns Square columns on first floor porch are of brick. . Racial composition 1970 1990 2000 2010 The Ladies Reading Group of Houston was a significant founder of the public library system in Houston Elizabeth Long the author of the 2003 book Book Clubs: Women and the Uses of Reading in Everyday Life wrote that Houston's "literary scene" contributes and draws upon the overall literary culture of Texas the University of Houston creative writing program opened in 1979 Long wrote that this program "has achieved a national reputation" in subsequent decades in 1985 the Ladies Reading Club had a 100th anniversary celebration.
! . . 4.3 Texas Convention of 1836, Constable Precinct 5 Ted Heap Republican, Chambers (east) Because Houston is on the Gulf of Mexico the city has a small chance of being hit by hurricanes or tropical storms every hurricane season (June through November). Sports and outdoors 16.6 Gender and social history Advances were made in nearly every aspect of naval warfare most notably with aircraft carriers and submarines Although aeronautical warfare had relatively little success at the start of the war actions at Taranto Pearl Harbor and the Coral Sea established the carrier as the dominant capital ship in place of the battleship in the Atlantic escort carriers proved to be a vital part of Allied convoys increasing the effective protection radius and helping to close the Mid-Atlantic gap. Carriers were also more economical than battleships because of the relatively low cost of aircraft and their not requiring to be as heavily armoured. Submarines which had proved to be an effective weapon during the First World War were anticipated by all sides to be important in the second the British focused development on anti-submarine weaponry and tactics such as sonar and convoys while Germany focused on improving its offensive capability with designs such as the Type VII submarine and wolfpack tactics. Gradually improving Allied technologies such as the Leigh light hedgehog squid and homing torpedoes proved victorious over the German submarines.[citation needed], 2 Closure A significant number of East Texas youth participate in Little League Baseball soccer and softball Church leagues are quite common in providing opportunities for basketball and softball for youth and adults alike in recent years cowboy churches have grown in number and offer rodeo events for their youth.
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