; . 7.1 Classical All of East Texas also lies within the Gulf Coastal Plain but with less uniformity than the climate with rolling hills in the north and flat coastal plains in the south Local vegetation also varies from north to south with the lower third consisting of the temperate grassland extending from South Texas to South Louisiana the northern two-thirds of the region is dominated by temperate forest known as the Piney Woods which extends over 23,500 square miles (61,000 km2) the Piney Woods are part of a much larger region of pine-hardwood forest that extends into Louisiana Arkansas and Oklahoma the Piney Woods area thins out as it nears the Gulf of Mexico West of the Piney Woods are the ranchlands and remnant oak forests of the East Central Texas forests ecoregion. Greater Houston's arterial road network is established at the municipal level with the City of Houston exercising planning control over both its incorporated area and extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) Therefore Houston exercises transportation planning authority over a 2,000-square-mile (5,200 km2) area over five counties many times larger than its corporate area the Major Thoroughfare and Freeway Plan updated annually establishes the city's street hierarchy identifies roadways in need of widening and proposes new roadways in unserved areas Arterial roads are organized into four categories in decreasing order of intensity: major thoroughfares transit corridor streets collector streets and local streets. Roadway classification affects anticipated traffic volumes roadway design and right of way breadth Ultimately the system is designed to ferry traffic from neighborhood streets to major thoroughfares which connect into the limited-access highway system. Notable arterial roads in the region include Westheimer Road Memorial Drive Texas State Highway 6 Farm to Market Road 1960 Bellaire Boulevard and Telephone Road, As news of the Alamo's fall spread volunteer ranks swelled reaching about 1,400 men on March 19. Houston learned of Fannin's defeat on March 20 and realized his army was the last hope for an independent Texas Concerned that his ill-trained and ill-disciplined force would only be good for one battle and aware that his men could easily be outflanked by Urrea's forces Houston continued to avoid engagement to the immense displeasure of his troops by March 28 the Texian army had retreated 120 miles (190 km) across the Navidad and Colorado Rivers. Many troops deserted; those who remained grumbled that their commander was a coward. Like other Southern states by the late 1870s white Democrats regained control of the state legislature They passed a new constitution in 1876 that segregated schools and established a poll tax to support them but it was not originally required for voting.
(25.8) After a failed attempt to convince Spanish authorities to reestablish missions in Texas in 1711 Franciscan missionary Francisco Hidalgo approached the French governor of Louisiana for help the French governor sent representatives to meet with Hidalgo This concerned Spanish authorities who ordered the reoccupation of Texas as a buffer between New Spain and French settlements in Louisiana in 1716 four missions and a presidio were established in East Texas Accompanying the soldiers were the first recorded female settlers in Spanish Texas, Hurricane Katrina The 2003 Texas redistricting of Congressional districts led by Republican Tom DeLay was called by the New York Times "an extreme case of partisan gerrymandering" a group of Democratic legislators the "Texas Eleven" fled the state in a quorum-busting effort to prevent the legislature from acting but was unsuccessful the state had already redistricted following the 2000 census Despite these efforts the legislature passed a map heavily in favor of Republicans based on 2000 data and ignoring the estimated nearly one million new residents in the state since that date Career attorneys and analysts at the Department of Justice objected to the plan as diluting the votes of African American and Hispanic voters but political appointees overrode them and approved it. Legal challenges to the redistricting reached the national Supreme Court in the case League of United Latin American Citizens v Perry (2006) but the court ruled in favor of the state (and Republicans), Huffman Texas has a plural executive branch system limiting the power of the governor which is a weak executive compared to some other states Except for the Secretary of State voters elect executive officers independently; thus candidates are directly answerable to the public not the governor. This election system has led to some executive branches split between parties and reduced the ability of the governor to carry out a program When Republican President George W Bush served as Texas's governor the state had a Democratic lieutenant governor Bob Bullock the executive branch positions consist of the Governor Lieutenant Governor Comptroller of Public Accounts Land Commissioner Attorney General Agriculture Commissioner the three-member Texas Railroad Commission the State Board of Education and the Secretary of State. . 4.4.1 Harris County elected officials Houston Texas Business Directory, 1950 7,711,194 20.2% Because the Houston Independent School District was slow to desegregate public schools on June 1 1970 the Federal officials struck the HISD plan down and forced it to adopt zoning laws This was 16 years after the landmark Supreme Court ruling in Brown v Board of Education which determined that segregated schools were inherently unequal Racial tensions over integration of the schools continued Some Hispanic Americans felt they were being discriminated against when they were being put with only African-Americans as part of the desegregation plan so many took their children out of the schools and put them in huelgas or protest schools until a ruling in 1973 satisfied their demands. 4.3 Airports Main article: Economy of Texas, The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939 beginning with the German invasion of Poland; the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany two days later the dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937 or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931, February 12 1960: 4.4 inches (11 cm) of snow. 11.3 Ports In addition 37.6 percent of the population are Hispanic or Latino (of any race) (31.6 percent Mexican 0.9 percent Salvadoran 0.5 percent Puerto Rican 0.4 percent Honduran 0.3 percent Guatemalan 0.3 percent Spaniard 0.2 percent Colombian 0.2 percent Cuban). . ; Corporate involvement in culture, Horace Chilton born near Tyler Smith County.
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