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; Anna Rohleder of Forbes said "Among Houston's wealthy denizens social life centers on charity events and the arts.", In April 1965 the Astrodome opened under the name of the Harris County Domed Stadium in July 1965 the Houston Metropolitan Area was expanded by the inclusion of Brazoria County Fort Bend County Liberty County and Montgomery County AstroWorld a theme park adjacent to the Astrodome was opened in 1968 Houston Intercontinental Airport was built in 1969 Houston International Airport renamed to Hobby Airport was closed to commercial aviation until 1971; . Designed by Fort Worth architect Wyatt C Hedrick the Shamrock Hotel was an 18-story building constructed between 1946 and 1949 with a green tile pitched roof and 1,100 rooms the hotel was conceived by wildcatter Glenn McCarthy as a city-sized hotel scaled for conventions with a resort atmosphere the Shamrock was located in a suburban area three miles (5 km) southwest of downtown Houston on the fringes of countryside and was meant to be the first phase of a much larger indoor shopping and entertainment complex called McCarthy Center anchored alongside the planned Texas Medical Center At the hotel's north side was a five-story building containing a 1,000-car garage and 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m2) exhibition hall to the south was the hotel's lavishly landscaped garden designed by Ralph Ellis Gunn a terrace and an immense swimming pool measuring 165 by 142 feet (43 m) described as the world's biggest outdoor pool which accommodated exhibition waterskiing and featured a three-story-high diving platform with an open spiral staircase. Despite protests by local preservationists the Shamrock was demolished June 1 1987 the Institute of Biosciences and Technology now stands in its former location; When the Supreme Court ruled in 1923 that white primaries established by political parties were unconstitutional in 1927 the Texas state legislature passed a bill that authorized political parties to establish their internal practices the Democratic Party reinstated the white primary That law survived until 1944 before another Supreme Court case ruled that it was unconstitutional After 1944 the NAACP and other organizations worked to register black voters and participation increased But the major disenfranchisement continued until passage in the mid-1960s of civil rights legislation including the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to provide for federal oversight in areas in which historically minorities did not vote in expected numbers based on population.

. Main articles: Genocide the Holocaust Nazi concentration camps Extermination camp Forced labour under German rule during World War II Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany and Nazi human experimentation, This article documents the wide-ranging history of the city of Houston the largest city in the state of Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, Texas declared its secession from the United States on February 1 1861 and joined the Confederate States of America on March 2 1861 With few battles in its territory Texas was mainly a "supply state" for the Confederate forces until mid-1863 when the Union capture of the Mississippi River made large movements of men horses or cattle impossible Texas regiments fought in every major battle throughout the war the last battle of the Civil War the Battle of Palmito Ranch was fought in Texas on May 12 1865 the 2nd Texas Cavalry Battalion (U.S.) (one of only two from the state) took part.