1970s and integration The Kinder Institute's Houston Survey in 2018 found that from 2014 through 2018 the number of Houston residents who supported adoption of children by same-sex couples climbed above 50% and remained there while in 2017 over 56% of residents reported gay or lesbian persons among their circle of close personal friends a 2013 opinion poll had found that 46% of Harris County residents supported same-sex marriage up from 37% in 2001 Just above 82% favored offering illegal immigrants a path to citizenship provided they speak English and have no criminal record holding from 83% in 2013 which was up from 19% in 2009 in 2013 87% supported background checks for all firearms the latest year that question was included in the Kinder Houston Survey This measure has moved up steadily from 60% in 1985 to 69% in 2000. . Map of Houston 1913, Reconstruction through 1900 Long oceanic voyages led to larger ships "Nau" was the Portuguese archaic synonym for any large ship primarily merchant ships Due to the piracy that plagued the coasts they began to be used in the navy and were provided with cannon windows which led to the classification of "naus" according to the power of its artillery the carrack or nau was a three- or four-masted ship it had a high rounded stern with large aftcastle forecastle and bowsprit at the stem it was first used by the Portuguese and later by the Spanish They were also adapted to the increasing maritime trade They grew from 200 tons capacity in the 15th century to 500 in the 16th century they usually had two decks stern castles fore and aft two to four masts with overlapping sails in India travels in the sixteenth century used carracks large merchant ships with a high edge and three masts with square sails that reached 2,000 tons, Houston Texas Business Directory Houston has an international flavor and is home to several multicultural arts organizations including: MECA (Multicultural Education and Counseling through the Arts) Kuumba House Dance Theatre and Nuestra Palabra: Latino Writers Having Their Say. .
Soon Houstonians were prompted to put an end to their problems; so they wanted to make a Chamber of Commerce just for the city a bill had been introduced on November 26 1838 in Congress that would establish this entity President Mirabeau B Lamar signed the act into law on January 28 1840 This move could not have come sooner as the city was suffering from financial problems and numerous yellow fever outbreaks including an 1839 outbreak that killed about 12 percent of its population Also on January 14 1839 the capital had been moved to Austin known as Waterloo at the time on April 4 1840 John Carlos hosted a meeting to establish the Houston Chamber of Commerce at the City Exchange building E.S Perkins presided as its first president in addition to Perkins and Carlos the charter members admitted were: Henry R Allen T Francis Brewer Jacob De Cordova J Temple Doswell George Gazley Dewitt C Harris J Hart Charles J Hedenburg Thomas M League Charles Kesler Charles A Morris E Osborne and John W Pitkin Undergrowth and snags had been the greatest obstacle to navigating Buffalo Bayou; yet by 1840 there was an accumulation of sunken ships This was the principle concern of the new Houston Chamber of Commerce the city of Houston and Harris County responded by allocating taxpayer money for bayou clearance and on March 1 1841 the first wreck was pulled out the bayou under this program, During the 20th century national historiographical trends influenced the scholarship on the Civil War in Texas Beginning in the 1950s historians focused on military campaigns in Texas and other areas of the Southwest a region previously neglected Since the 1970s scholars have shifted their attention to South Texas exploring how its relations with Mexico and Mexican Americans affected both Confederate and Union Civil War military operations Also since the 1970s the "New Social History" has stimulated research in war-related social economic and political changes This historiographical trend is related to a growing interest in local and regional history. In the early 1970s Houston Pasadena and several coastal towns were the site of the Houston mass murders which at the time were the deadliest case of serial killing in American history, 1980 1,595,138 29.4% 39 EOG Resources 377 The second president of the Republic of Texas Mirabeau B Lamar is the Father of Texas Education During his term the state set aside three leagues of land in each county for equipping public schools an additional 50 leagues of land set aside for the support of two universities would later become the basis of the state's Permanent University Fund. Lamar's actions set the foundation for a Texas-wide public school system. Between 2006 and 2007 Texas spent $7,275 per pupil ranking it below the national average of $9,389 the pupil/teacher ratio was 14.9 below the national average of 15.3 Texas paid instructors $41,744 below the national average of $46,593 the Texas Education Agency (TEA) administers the state's public school systems Texas has over 1,000 school districts; all districts except the Stafford Municipal School District are independent from municipal government and many cross city boundaries. School districts have the power to tax their residents and to assert eminent domain over privately owned property Due to court-mandated equitable school financing for school districts the state has a controversial tax redistribution system called the "Robin Hood plan" This plan transfers property tax revenue from wealthy school districts to poor ones the TEA has no authority over private or home school activities, Soldiers of the German Wehrmacht tearing down the border crossing into Poland 1 September 1939. Racial violence continued by whites against blacks as they enforced white supremacy Despite this freedmen pursued education organized new churches and fraternal organizations and entered politics winning local offices By the 1890s more than 100,000 blacks were voting in state elections in 1896 and 1898 Republican Robert B Hawley was elected to Congress from the state by a plurality when most white voters split between the Democratic and Populist parties Democrats were determined to end competition by Republicans and Populists and reviewed what other Southern states were doing to disenfranchise blacks and poor whites Mississippi's new constitution of 1890 had survived a Supreme Court case although in practice it was highly discriminatory against freedmen. The French flag of the Bourbons Hispanics and Latinos are the second-largest group in Texas after non-Hispanic European Americans Over 8.5 million people claim Hispanic or Latino ethnicity This group forms over 37 percent of Texas's population People of Mexican descent alone number over 7.9 million and make up 31.6 percent of the population the vast majority of the Hispanic/Latino population in the state is of Mexican descent the next two largest groups are Salvadorans and Puerto Ricans There are over 222,000 Salvadorans and over 130,000 Puerto Ricans in Texas Other groups with large numbers in Texas include Hondurans Guatemalans Nicaraguans and Cubans among others the Hispanics in Texas are more likely than in some other states (such as California) to identify as white; according to the 2010 U.S Census Texas is home to 6,304,207 White Hispanics and 2,594,206 Hispanics of "some other race" (usually mestizo); . Spanish legacy The architecture of Houston includes a wide variety of award-winning and historic examples located in various areas of the city of Houston Texas From early in its history to current times the city inspired innovative and challenging building design and construction as it quickly grew into an internationally recognized commercial and industrial hub of Texas and the United States. Houston Texas Business Directory Soviet partisans hanged by the German army the Russian Academy of Sciences reported in 1995 civilian victims in the Soviet Union at German hands totalled 13.7 million dead twenty percent of the 68 million persons in the occupied Soviet Union.
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