. Racial violence continued by whites against blacks as they enforced white supremacy Despite this freedmen pursued education organized new churches and fraternal organizations and entered politics winning local offices By the 1890s more than 100,000 blacks were voting in state elections in 1896 and 1898 Republican Robert B Hawley was elected to Congress from the state by a plurality when most white voters split between the Democratic and Populist parties Democrats were determined to end competition by Republicans and Populists and reviewed what other Southern states were doing to disenfranchise blacks and poor whites Mississippi's new constitution of 1890 had survived a Supreme Court case although in practice it was highly discriminatory against freedmen, See also: List of shopping malls in Texas! Houston Texas Business Directory The Republic of Texas including the disputed territory, White American 70.4 percent (Non-Hispanic whites 45.3 percent) Further information: Geographic areas of Houston and List of Houston neighborhoods. . The Ladies Reading Group of Houston was a significant founder of the public library system in Houston Elizabeth Long the author of the 2003 book Book Clubs: Women and the Uses of Reading in Everyday Life wrote that Houston's "literary scene" contributes and draws upon the overall literary culture of Texas the University of Houston creative writing program opened in 1979 Long wrote that this program "has achieved a national reputation" in subsequent decades in 1985 the Ladies Reading Club had a 100th anniversary celebration. . .
Despite strong pacifist sentiment after World War I its aftermath still caused irredentist and revanchist nationalism in several European states These sentiments were especially marked in Germany because of the significant territorial colonial and financial losses incurred by the Treaty of Versailles Under the treaty Germany lost around 13 percent of its home territory and all of its overseas possessions while German annexation of other states was prohibited reparations were imposed and limits were placed on the size and capability of the country's armed forces. Black-and-white photograph showing a balding man from the chest up He is looking to the side with a pensive expression Houston Texas Business Directory.
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