Geography 1860 604,215 184.2% 16.5 Business labor and economics 11 Religion. 11 Media Mexican authorities became increasingly concerned about the stability of the region the colonies teetered at the brink of revolt in 1829 after Mexico abolished slavery in response President Anastasio Bustamante implemented the Laws of April 6 1830 which among other things prohibited further immigration to Texas from the United States increased taxes and reiterated the ban on slavery. Settlers simply circumvented or ignored the laws by 1834 an estimated 30,000 Anglos lived in Coahuila y Tejas compared to only 7,800 Mexican-born residents. By the end of 1835 almost 5,000 enslaved Africans and African Americans lived in Texas making up 13 percent of the non-Indian population; . Soon Houstonians were prompted to put an end to their problems; so they wanted to make a Chamber of Commerce just for the city a bill had been introduced on November 26 1838 in Congress that would establish this entity President Mirabeau B Lamar signed the act into law on January 28 1840 This move could not have come sooner as the city was suffering from financial problems and numerous yellow fever outbreaks including an 1839 outbreak that killed about 12 percent of its population Also on January 14 1839 the capital had been moved to Austin known as Waterloo at the time on April 4 1840 John Carlos hosted a meeting to establish the Houston Chamber of Commerce at the City Exchange building E.S Perkins presided as its first president in addition to Perkins and Carlos the charter members admitted were: Henry R Allen T Francis Brewer Jacob De Cordova J Temple Doswell George Gazley Dewitt C Harris J Hart Charles J Hedenburg Thomas M League Charles Kesler Charles A Morris E Osborne and John W Pitkin Undergrowth and snags had been the greatest obstacle to navigating Buffalo Bayou; yet by 1840 there was an accumulation of sunken ships This was the principle concern of the new Houston Chamber of Commerce the city of Houston and Harris County responded by allocating taxpayer money for bayou clearance and on March 1 1841 the first wreck was pulled out the bayou under this program. Greater Houston metropolitan area is served by a public television station and one public radio station KUHT (HoustonPBS) is a PBS member station and the first public television station in the United States Houston Public Radio is listener-supported radio with one NPR member station KUHF (KUHF News) the University of Houston System owns and holds broadcasting licenses to KUHT and KUHF the stations broadcast from the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting located on the campus of the University of Houston.
! . Cotton ranching and farming dominated the economy with railroad construction after 1870 a major factor in the development of new cities away from rivers and waterways Toward the end of the 19th century timber became an important industry in Texas as well in 1901 a petroleum discovery at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont was developed as the most productive oil well the world had ever seen the wave of oil speculation and discovery that followed came to be known as the "Oil Boom" permanently transforming and enriching the economy of Texas Agriculture and ranching gave way to a service-oriented society after the boom years of World War II Segregation ended in the 1960s due to federal legislation Politically Texas changed from the virtually one-party Democratic state achieved following disenfranchisement to a highly contested political scene until 2000 when it was solidly Republican the economy of Texas has continued to grow rapidly becoming the second-largest state in population in 1994 and became economically highly diversified with a growing base in new technology, According to U.S News and World Report many hospitals in Houston consistently rank among the nation's top healthcare institutions. At the beginning of the 1980 play off series between the Astros and the Phillies KILT AM radio announced that the Astros number one fan "Astroman" would live on top of the Domed stadium and would not come down until the Astros won the World Series Over the next 10 days Astroman played by KILT salesman Denver Griffith lived on top of the Astrodome in a six-man tent on top of the Astrodome was also a telephone hot line back to KILT radio where Griffith as Astroman would give interviews throughout the day Astroman was completely cut off and could only get food and drink by lowering a rope with a basket the 18 stories from the top of the Astrodome to the center of the playing field at one point Griffith got so desperate for food and drink that his mother had to intervene and interrupt an Oilers practice so that the needed supplies could be delivered Every night a local TV station would sign off with a shot of Astroman on top of the Astrodome waving to a circling news chopper, The first major skyscraper to be constructed in Houston was the 50-floor 714-foot (218 m) tall One Shell Plaza in 1971 a succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s culminating with Houston's tallest the 75-floor 1,002-foot (305 m) tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower) designed by I M Pei and completed in 1982 As of 2010 it is the tallest man-made structure in Texas the twelfth-tallest building in the United States and the forty-eighth-tallest skyscraper in the world; . The population of the new state was quite small at first and there was a strong mix between the English-speaking American settlers that dominated in the state's eastern/northeastern portions and the Spanish-speaking former Mexicans that dominated in the state's southern and western portions Statehood brought many new settlers Because of the long Spanish presence in Mexico and various failed colonization efforts by the Spanish and Mexicans in northern Mexico there were large herds of Longhorn cattle that roamed the state Hardy by nature but also suitable for slaughtering and consumption they represented an economic opportunity many entrepreneurs seized upon thus creating the cowboy culture for which Texas is famous While in the early days of the republic cattle and bison were slaughtered for their hides soon a beef industry was established with cattle being shipped all over the U.S and the Caribbean (within a few decades beef had become a staple of the American diet).
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