Economy Main article: Architecture of Houston When civil war broke out in Spain Hitler and Mussolini lent military support to the Nationalist rebels led by General Francisco Franco Italy supported the Nationalists to a greater extent than the Nazis did: altogether Mussolini sent to Spain more than 70,000 ground troops and 6,000 aviation personnel as well as about 720 aircraft the Soviet Union supported the existing government the Spanish Republic Over 30,000 foreign volunteers known as the International Brigades also fought against the Nationalists Both Germany and the Soviet Union used this proxy war as an opportunity to test in combat their most advanced weapons and tactics the Nationalists won the civil war in April 1939; Franco now dictator remained officially neutral during World War II but generally favoured the Axis. His greatest collaboration with Germany was the sending of volunteers to fight on the Eastern Front; ; . ; ! In Houston for 2011 As of the general elections of 2014 a large majority of the members of Texas's U.S House delegation are Republican along with both U.S Senators in the 114th United States Congress of the 36 Congressional districts in Texas 24 are held by Republicans and 11 by Democrats One seat is vacant Texas's Senators are John Cornyn and Ted Cruz Since 1994 Texans have not elected a Democrat to a statewide office the state's Democratic voters are made up primarily by liberal and minority groups in Austin Beaumont Dallas El Paso Houston and San Antonio as well as minority voters in East and South Texas, Nautical science On March 2 1836 Texans signed the Texas Declaration of Independence at Washington-on-the-Brazos effectively creating the Republic of Texas the revolt was justified as necessary to protect basic rights and because Mexico had annulled the federal pact the majority of the colonists were from the United States; they said that Mexico had invited them to move to the country but they were determined "to enjoy" the republican institutions to which they were accustomed in their native land.
. The Houston Airport System a branch of the municipal government oversees the operation of three major public airports in the city Two of these airports George Bush Intercontinental Airport and William P Hobby Airport offer commercial aviation service to a variety of domestic and international destinations and served 55 million passengers in 2016 the third Ellington Airport is home to the Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base the Federal Aviation Administration and the state of Texas selected the Houston Airport System as "Airport of the Year" in 2005 largely due to the implementation of a $3.1 billion airport improvement program for both major airports in Houston. Southeast Texas includes part of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and most of the Texas portion of the Intracoastal Waterway the area is also crossed by numerous rivers and streams the largest three being the Sabine River the Neches River and the Trinity River in Southeast Texas and the rest of the South small rivers and creeks collect into swamps called "bayous" and merge with the surrounding forest the only large bodies of water in Southeast Texas are Galveston Bay and Sabine Lake but the large reservoirs of East Texas are just to the North the southeastern portion of Texas also is geographically and culturally attached to Southwest Louisiana. ! Texas Medical Center became operational in the 1950s the Galveston Freeway and the International Terminal at Houston International Airport (nowadays Hobby Airport) were signs of increasing wealth in the area Millions of dollars were spent replacing aging infrastructure in 1951 the Texas Children's Hospital and the Shriner's Hospital were built Existing hospitals had expansions being completed July 1 1952 was the date of Houston's first network television Later on that same year the University of Houston celebrated its 25th anniversary Another problem Houston had back in the 1950s was the fact that it needed a new water supply They at first relied on ground water but that caused land subsidence They had proposals in the Texas Congress to use the Trinity river Hattie Mae White was elected to the school board in 1959 She was the first African-American to be elected in a major position in Houston in the 20th Century Starting in 1950 Japanese-Americans as a whole were leaving horticulture and going into business in larger cities such as Houston, 9.1 Unionism A lithograph showing the bust of a clean-shaven man He is in military dress uniform with one medal around his neck and several others pinned at his shoulder. In 1940 Houston was a city of 400,000 population dependent on shipping and oil the war dramatically expanded the city's economic base thanks to massive federal spending Energetic entrepreneurs most notably George Brown James Elkins and James Abercrombie landed hundreds of millions of dollars in federal wartime investment in technologically complex facilities Houston oil companies moved from being mere refiners and became sophisticated producers of petrochemicals Especially important were synthetic rubber and high octane fuel which retained their importance after the war the war moved the natural gas industry from a minor factor to a major energy source; Houston became a major hub when a local firm purchased the federally-financed Inch pipelines Other major growth industries included steel munitions and shipbuilding Tens of thousands of new migrants streamed in from rural areas straining the city's housing supply and the city's ability to provide local transit and schools For the first time high paying jobs went to large numbers of women blacks and Mexican Americans the city's African American community emboldened by their newfound prosperity became a hotbed of civil rights agitation; the Smith v Allwright Supreme Court decision on voting rights was backed and funded by local blacks in this period.[page needed], 15 References Austin's settlers the Old Three Hundred made places along the Brazos River in 1822. Twenty-three other empresarios brought settlers to the state the majority of whom were from the United States the population of Texas grew rapidly in 1825 Texas had about 3,500 people with most of Mexican descent by 1834 the population had grown to about 37,800 people with only 7,800 of Mexican descent. Most of these early settlers who arrived with Austin and soon after were persons less than fortunate in life as Texas was devoid of the comforts found elsewhere in Mexico and the United States during that time Early Texas settler David B Edwards described his fellow Texans as being "banished from the pleasures of life", Longview (81,336) In 1874 Houston's first permanent public transit system began to be operated by the Houston City Street Railway Company. From 1874 until 1891 all of the transit service was operated using mule-driven streetcars when electric streetcars began to be implemented in their place the conversion to electric streetcars was completed in 1892.
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