The Germans were the largest group immigrating directly from Europe. According to the Handbook of Texas :, Counties included are Anderson Angelina Bowie Camp Cass Cherokee Delta Franklin Gregg Hardin Harrison Henderson Hopkins Houston Jasper Jefferson Lamar Marion Morris Nacogdoches Newton Orange Panola Polk Rains Red River Rusk Sabine San Augustine San Jacinto Shelby Smith Titus Trinity Tyler Upshur Van Zandt and Wood County Texas. (36) 88 Main article: Economy of Texas Skyline in 1971 after completion of One Shell Plaza Houston is highly regarded for its diverse food and restaurant culture Several major publications have consistently named Houston as one of "America's Best Food Cities". City and county government Minute Maid Park (home of the Astros) and Toyota Center (home of the Rockets) are located in Downtown Houston Houston has the NFL's first retractable-roof stadium with natural grass NRG Stadium (home of the Texans). Minute Maid Park is also a retractable-roof stadium Toyota Center also has the largest screen for an indoor arena in the United States built to coincide with the arena's hosting of the 2013 NBA All-Star Game. BBVA Compass Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium for the Houston Dynamo the Texas Southern Tigers football team and Houston Dash located in East Downtown Aveva Stadium (home of the SaberCats) is located in south Houston in addition NRG Astrodome was the first indoor stadium in the world built in 1965. Other sports facilities include Hofheinz Pavilion (Houston Cougars basketball) Rice Stadium (Rice Owls football) and NRG Arena TDECU Stadium is where the University of Houston's Cougars football team plays. 10 Infrastructure As of 2013 37% of non-Hispanic Whites in Harris County had college or postgraduate degrees and 36% of them had annual incomes over $75,000 As of 2013 19% of Blacks in Harris County had college or postgraduate degrees as did 13% of U.S.-born Latinos and 7% of Latino immigrants, Energy and oil (19 companies) This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message), Although Christopher Columbus was credited with the discovery of the Americas by Europeans the ships in his four voyages never reached the Gulf of Mexico Instead Columbus sailed into the Caribbean around Cuba and Hispaniola the first European exploration of the Gulf of Mexico was by Amerigo Vespucci in 1497 He followed the coastal land mass of Central America before returning to the Atlantic Ocean via the Straits of Florida between Florida and Cuba in his letters Vespucci described this trip and once Juan de la Cosa returned to Spain a famous world map depicting Cuba as an island was produced. Mitsubishi A6M2 "Zero" fighters on the Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft carrier Shokaku just before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Main article: Transportation in Texas 14 Further reading Sports During 1942 Allied officials debated on the appropriate grand strategy to pursue All agreed that defeating Germany was the primary objective the Americans favoured a straightforward large-scale attack on Germany through France the Soviets were also demanding a second front the British on the other hand argued that military operations should target peripheral areas to wear out German strength leading to increasing demoralisation and bolster resistance forces Germany itself would be subject to a heavy bombing campaign an offensive against Germany would then be launched primarily by Allied armour without using large-scale armies. Eventually the British persuaded the Americans that a landing in France was infeasible in 1942 and they should instead focus on driving the Axis out of North Africa.
; German Irish and English Americans are the three largest European ancestry groups in Texas German Americans make up 11.3 percent of the population and number over 2.7 million members Irish Americans make up 8.2 percent of the population and number over 1.9 million members There are roughly 600,000 French Americans and 472,000 Italian Americans residing in Texas; these two ethnic groups make up 2.5 percent and 2.0 percent of the population respectively in the 1980 United States Census the largest ancestry group reported in Texas was English with 3,083,323 Texans citing they were of English or mostly English ancestry making them 27 percent of the state at the time. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies (the census of 1790 gives 48% of the population of English ancestry; together 12% Scots and Scots-Irish; 4.5% Irish South 90% were Protestant and 3% Welsh = 67.5% British; 13% were German Swiss Dutch and French Huguenots; 19% African-American Colin Bonwick the American Revolution 1991 p 254) and thus many of them today identify as "American" in ancestry though they are of predominantly British stock. There are nearly 200,000 Czech-Americans living in Texas the largest number of any state. . Houston Texas Business Directory One important reason was the need for alternatives to the expensive eastern trade routes that followed the Silk Road Those routes were dominated first by the republics of Venice and Genoa and then by the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 the Ottomans barred European access for decades the Spanish Netherlands ports produced more revenue than the colonies since all goods brought from Spain Mediterranean possessions and the colonies were sold directly there to neighbouring European countries: wheat olive oil wine silver spice wool and silk were big businesses.[citation needed]. Instead the state collects revenue from property taxes (though these are collected at the county city and school district level; Texas has a state constitutional prohibition against a state property tax) and sales taxes the state sales tax rate is 6.25 percent but local taxing jurisdictions (cities counties special purpose districts and transit authorities) may also impose sales and use tax up to 2 percent for a total maximum combined rate of 8.25 percent. . . Write-in Various candidates Various candidates 51,261 0.57% 0 In 2000 1,961,993 residents of Harris County spoke English only the five largest foreign languages in the county were Spanish or Spanish Creole (1,106,883 speakers) Vietnamese (53,311 speakers) Chinese (33,003 speakers) French including Cajun and Patois (33,003 speakers) and Urdu (14,595 speakers) Among those who spoke other languages 46% of Spanish speakers 37% of Vietnamese speakers 50% of Chinese speakers 85% of French speakers and 72% of Urdu speakers said that they spoke English at least "very well", 4.4 Boxing & WWE In 1900 after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated the following year the discovery of oil at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry in 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel by 1910 the city's population had reached 78,800 almost doubling from a decade before African Americans formed a large part of the city's population numbering 23,929 people which was nearly one-third of Houston's residents!
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