Main article: Sports in Houston, During World War II the main universities like University of Texas and Texas A&M University gained a new national role the wartime financing of university research curricular change campus trainee programs and postwar veteran enrollments changed the tenor and allowed Texas schools to gain national stature, November 13 2018 Broke Earliest Snowfall Record! Goliad Campaign In the Soviet Union both the Germans and the Soviets spent the spring and early summer of 1943 preparing for large offensives in central Russia on 4 July 1943 Germany attacked Soviet forces around the Kursk Bulge Within a week German forces had exhausted themselves against the Soviets' deeply echeloned and well-constructed defences and for the first time in the war Hitler cancelled the operation before it had achieved tactical or operational success. This decision was partially affected by the Western Allies' invasion of Sicily launched on 9 July which combined with previous Italian failures resulted in the ousting and arrest of Mussolini later that month. . In Europe before the outbreak of the war the Allies had significant advantages in both population and economics in 1938 the Western Allies (United Kingdom France Poland and British Dominions) had a 30 per cent larger population and a 30 per cent higher gross domestic product than the European Axis powers (Germany and Italy); if colonies are included it then gives the Allies more than a 5:1 advantage in population and nearly 2:1 advantage in GDP in Asia at the same time China had roughly six times the population of Japan but only an 89 per cent higher GDP; this is reduced to three times the population and only a 38 per cent higher GDP if Japanese colonies are included, In 1912 Joseph Jay Pastoriza introduced property tax reform to Houston the "Houston Single Tax Plan" was based on Georgist principles and redistributed property tax burden from owners of personal property and developed land to owners of undeveloped land While the Houston Plan was not a true single tax it re-weighted appraisals to 70 percent of unimproved land and 25 percent of developed land Personal property was exempt from local taxes according to this plan This continued for a few years until 1915 when two courts ruled the plan illegal according to the Texas Constitution Pastoriza continued to serve as Houston Tax Commissioner until 1917 when he became the first Mayor of Houston of Hispanic heritage He died after just three months in office, Southeast Texas includes part of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and most of the Texas portion of the Intracoastal Waterway the area is also crossed by numerous rivers and streams the largest three being the Sabine River the Neches River and the Trinity River in Southeast Texas and the rest of the South small rivers and creeks collect into swamps called "bayous" and merge with the surrounding forest the only large bodies of water in Southeast Texas are Galveston Bay and Sabine Lake but the large reservoirs of East Texas are just to the North the southeastern portion of Texas also is geographically and culturally attached to Southwest Louisiana. . 1880 16,513 76.0% The chief administrative officer of a Texas County as set up in the Texas Constitution is the County Judge who sits as the chair of the county's Commissioners' Court (the equivalent of a Board of Supervisors in some other states) Since 2007 this position in Harris County is held by Judge Ed Emmett the county is split into 4 geographical divisions called Precincts Each precinct elects a Commissioner to sit as a representative of their precinct on the commissioners court and also for the oversight of county functions in their area. McNair In 1874 Houston's first permanent public transit system began to be operated by the Houston City Street Railway Company. From 1874 until 1891 all of the transit service was operated using mule-driven streetcars when electric streetcars began to be implemented in their place the conversion to electric streetcars was completed in 1892.
Most of the region consists of the Piney Woods ecoregion and East Texas can sometimes be reduced to include only the Piney Woods. At the fringes towards Central Texas the forests expand outward toward sparser trees and eventually into open plains, Houston c.?1873 Houston: Where Seventeen Railroads Meet the Sea Houston Texas Business Directory. METRO put in light rail service on January 1 2004 Voters have decided by a close margin (52% Yes to 48% No) that METRO's light rail shall be expanded. . . The Battle of Britain began in early July with Luftwaffe attacks on shipping and harbours the United Kingdom rejected Hitler's ultimatum and the German air superiority campaign started in August but failed to defeat RAF Fighter Command Due to this the proposed German invasion of Britain was postponed indefinitely on 17 September the German strategic bombing offensive intensified with night attacks on London and other cities in the Blitz but failed to significantly disrupt the British war effort and largely ended in May 1941. In July 2015 BP reached an $18.7bn settlement with the US government the states of Alabama Florida Louisiana Mississippi and Texas as well as 400 local authorities to date BP's cost for the clean-up environmental and economic damages and penalties has reached $54bn. President Andrew Johnson appointed Union General A J Hamilton as provisional governor on June 17 1865 Hamilton had been a prominent politician before the war He granted amnesty to ex-Confederates if they promised to support the Union in the future appointing some to office on March 30 1870 although Texas did not meet all the requirements Congress restored Texas to the Union. .
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