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Libertarian Ron Paul[a] Mike Pence 0 0.0% 1 Colleges and universities Port Arthur (53,937) Further information: Political party strength in Texas. .

. Automobiles of all kinds have had enormous influence on Houston culture largely a result of the urban sprawl and sparse public transportation that has followed the dismantling of the city's former trolley system Many of the Houston's business districts such as Uptown and Greenspoint began their development as edge cities Furthermore many notable neighborhoods began as streetcar suburbs including the Heights and Sharpstown. The Astro Spiral car jump was performed January 12 1972 by Chick Galiano of J.M Productions' Hell Drivers This stunt was later performed in the 1974 James Bond film the Man With the Golden Gun. New land use policies drafted during the administration of Governor John Ireland enabled individuals to accumulate land leading to the formation of large cattle ranches Many ranchers ran barbed wire around public lands to protect their access to water and free grazing This caused several range wars. Governor Lawrence Sullivan Ross guided the Texas Legislature to reform the land use policies. Mexico in 1824 Coahuila y Tejas is the northeastern-most state Texas modernized and expanded its system of higher education through the 1960s the state created a comprehensive plan for higher education funded in large part by oil revenues and a central state apparatus designed to manage state institutions more efficiently These changes helped Texas universities receive federal research funds. ! Designed by Fort Worth architect Wyatt C Hedrick the Shamrock Hotel was an 18-story building constructed between 1946 and 1949 with a green tile pitched roof and 1,100 rooms the hotel was conceived by wildcatter Glenn McCarthy as a city-sized hotel scaled for conventions with a resort atmosphere the Shamrock was located in a suburban area three miles (5 km) southwest of downtown Houston on the fringes of countryside and was meant to be the first phase of a much larger indoor shopping and entertainment complex called McCarthy Center anchored alongside the planned Texas Medical Center At the hotel's north side was a five-story building containing a 1,000-car garage and 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m2) exhibition hall to the south was the hotel's lavishly landscaped garden designed by Ralph Ellis Gunn a terrace and an immense swimming pool measuring 165 by 142 feet (43 m) described as the world's biggest outdoor pool which accommodated exhibition waterskiing and featured a three-story-high diving platform with an open spiral staircase. Despite protests by local preservationists the Shamrock was demolished June 1 1987 the Institute of Biosciences and Technology now stands in its former location! 15 References In 1900 after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated the following year the discovery of oil at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry in 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel by 1910 the city's population had reached 78,800 almost doubling from a decade before African Americans formed a large part of the city's population numbering 23,929 people which was nearly one-third of Houston's residents, Rita (2005) 2 Finance, The recorded history of Texas begins with the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadors in the region of North America now known as Texas in 1519 who found the region occupied by numerous Native American tribes the Native Americans' ancestors had been there for more than 10,000 years as evidenced by the discovery of the remains of prehistoric Leanderthal Lady During the period of recorded history from A.D 1519 to 1848 all or parts of Texas were claimed by five countries: France Spain Mexico the Republic of Texas and the United States of America as well as the confederacy during the the civil war.