Cotton ranching and farming dominated the economy with railroad construction after 1870 a major factor in the development of new cities away from rivers and waterways Toward the end of the 19th century timber became an important industry in Texas as well in 1901 a petroleum discovery at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont was developed as the most productive oil well the world had ever seen the wave of oil speculation and discovery that followed came to be known as the "Oil Boom" permanently transforming and enriching the economy of Texas Agriculture and ranching gave way to a service-oriented society after the boom years of World War II Segregation ended in the 1960s due to federal legislation Politically Texas changed from the virtually one-party Democratic state achieved following disenfranchisement to a highly contested political scene until 2000 when it was solidly Republican the economy of Texas has continued to grow rapidly becoming the second-largest state in population in 1994 and became economically highly diversified with a growing base in new technology. . In early June 1940 the Italian Regia aeronautica attacked and besieged Malta a British possession in late summer through early autumn Italy conquered British Somaliland and made an incursion into British-held Egypt in October Italy attacked Greece but the attack was repulsed with heavy Italian casualties; the campaign ended within days with minor territorial changes. Germany started preparation for an invasion of the Balkans to assist Italy to prevent the British from gaining a foothold there which would be a potential threat for Romanian oil fields and to strike against the British dominance of the Mediterranean. Diplomacy Map of ethnic distribution in Houston 2010 U.S Census Each dot is 25 people: White Black Asian Hispanic or Other (yellow).
. Ever since the discovery of oil at Spindletop energy has been a dominant force politically and economically within the state. If Texas were its own country it would be the sixth largest oil producer in the world; Landmarks and monuments December 24 snowstorm shown on satellite The state's two most widely recognized flagship universities are the University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University ranked as the 52nd and 69th best universities in the nation according to the 2014 edition of U.S News & World Report's "Best Colleges" respectively Some observers also include the University of Houston and Texas Tech University as tier one flagships alongside UT Austin and A&M the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) ranks the state's public universities into three distinct tiers:! !
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