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Other technological and engineering feats achieved during or as a result of the war include the world's first programmable computers (Z3 Colossus and ENIAC) guided missiles and modern rockets the Manhattan Project's development of nuclear weapons operations research and the development of artificial harbours and oil pipelines under the English Channel.[citation needed] Penicillin was first mass-produced and used during the war (see Stabilization and mass production of penicillin), This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message). . . 1.1 Summer The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents two additional districts were to be added the city of Houston's official 2010 census count was 600 shy of the required number; however as the city was expected to grow beyond 2.1 million shortly thereafter the two additional districts were added for and the positions filled during the August 2011 elections, Native allied troops were largely infantry equipped with armament and armour that varied geographically Some groups consisted of young men without military experience Catholic clergy which helped with administrative duties and soldiers with military training These native forces often included African slaves and Native Americans They not only fought in the battlefield but served as interpreters informants servants teachers physicians and scribes India Catalina and Malintzin were Native American women slaves who worked for the Spaniards. , Migration The state's two most widely recognized flagship universities are the University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University ranked as the 52nd and 69th best universities in the nation according to the 2014 edition of U.S News & World Report's "Best Colleges" respectively Some observers also include the University of Houston and Texas Tech University as tier one flagships alongside UT Austin and A&M the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) ranks the state's public universities into three distinct tiers:, Johnson Space Center 1989 In 1839 the Republic of Texas relocated its capital to Austin the town suffered another setback that year when a yellow fever epidemic claimed about one life out of every eight residents Yet it persisted as a commercial center forming a symbiosis with its Gulf Coast port Galveston Landlocked farmers brought their produce to Houston using Buffalo Bayou to gain access to Galveston and the Gulf of Mexico Houston merchants profited from selling staples to farmers and shipping the farmers' produce to Galveston. . .

Alcohol use The 2003 Texas redistricting of Congressional districts led by Republican Tom DeLay was called by the New York Times "an extreme case of partisan gerrymandering" a group of Democratic legislators the "Texas Eleven" fled the state in a quorum-busting effort to prevent the legislature from acting but was unsuccessful the state had already redistricted following the 2000 census Despite these efforts the legislature passed a map heavily in favor of Republicans based on 2000 data and ignoring the estimated nearly one million new residents in the state since that date Career attorneys and analysts at the Department of Justice objected to the plan as diluting the votes of African American and Hispanic voters but political appointees overrode them and approved it. Legal challenges to the redistricting reached the national Supreme Court in the case League of United Latin American Citizens v Perry (2006) but the court ruled in favor of the state (and Republicans), Crosby Houston has many examples of residential architecture of varying styles from the mansions of River Oaks and Memorial to row houses in the several wards a number of Houston's earliest homes are located in what is now Sam Houston Park Homes in the Heights have varied architectural styles including Victorian Craftsman and Colonial Revival Post-war housing constructed throughout Houston reflects many architectural styles. The Texas constitution defines the responsibilities of county governments which serve as agents of the state What are called commissioners court and court judges are elected to serve as the administrative arm Most cities in the state those over 5,000 in population have home-rule governments the vast majority of these have charters for council-manager forms of government by which voters elect council members who hire a professional city manager as operating officer. . The Astrodome was added to the National Register of Historic Places in January 2014, Greater Houston metropolitan area is served by a public television station and one public radio station KUHT (HoustonPBS) is a PBS member station and the first public television station in the United States Houston Public Radio is listener-supported radio with one NPR member station KUHF (KUHF News) the University of Houston System owns and holds broadcasting licenses to KUHT and KUHF the stations broadcast from the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting located on the campus of the University of Houston.