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. . Houston Texas Business Directory During the 20th century national historiographical trends influenced the scholarship on the Civil War in Texas Beginning in the 1950s historians focused on military campaigns in Texas and other areas of the Southwest a region previously neglected Since the 1970s scholars have shifted their attention to South Texas exploring how its relations with Mexico and Mexican Americans affected both Confederate and Union Civil War military operations Also since the 1970s the "New Social History" has stimulated research in war-related social economic and political changes This historiographical trend is related to a growing interest in local and regional history. 2010 25,145,561 20.6% Urrea urged Filisola to continue the campaign He was confident that he could successfully challenge the Texian troops According to Hardin "Santa Anna had presented Mexico with one military disaster; Filisola did not wish to risk another." Spring rains ruined the ammunition and rendered the roads almost impassable with troops sinking to their knees in mud Mexican troops were soon out of food and began to fall ill from dysentery and other diseases. Their supply lines had completely broken down leaving no hope of further reinforcements. Filisola later wrote that "Had the enemy met us under these cruel circumstances on the only road that was left no alternative remained but to die or surrender at discretion". As part of the Cotton Kingdom planters depended on slave labor in 1860 30% of the total state population of 604,215 were enslaved in the statewide election on the secession ordinance Texans voted to secede from the Union by a vote of 46,129 to 14,697 (a 76% majority) the Secession Convention immediately organized a government replacing Sam Houston when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. The Astrodome hosted the 1989 NBA All-Star Game Attendance was 44,735 and Karl Malone won MVP honors, Bellaire Prior to the mid-20th century Texas was essentially a one-party state and the Democratic primary was viewed as "the real election" the Democratic Party had conservative and liberal factions which became more pronounced after the New Deal. Additionally several factions of the party briefly split during the 1930s and 40s.

. ! . 6.4 Technology German trek on its way to New Braunfels, By mid-November the Germans had nearly taken Stalingrad in bitter street fighting the Soviets began their second winter counter-offensive starting with an encirclement of German forces at Stalingrad and an assault on the Rzhev salient near Moscow though the latter failed disastrously by early February 1943 the German Army had taken tremendous losses; German troops at Stalingrad had been forced to surrender and the front-line had been pushed back beyond its position before the summer offensive in mid-February after the Soviet push had tapered off the Germans launched another attack on Kharkov creating a salient in their front line around the Soviet city of Kursk. 7.3.1 Brutus oil spill Historiography 2 1900s Texas declared its secession from the United States on February 1 1861 and joined the Confederate States of America on March 2 1861 With few battles in its territory Texas was mainly a "supply state" for the Confederate forces until mid-1863 when the Union capture of the Mississippi River made large movements of men horses or cattle impossible Texas regiments fought in every major battle throughout the war the last battle of the Civil War the Battle of Palmito Ranch was fought in Texas on May 12 1865 the 2nd Texas Cavalry Battalion (U.S.) (one of only two from the state) took part. During 1942 Allied officials debated on the appropriate grand strategy to pursue All agreed that defeating Germany was the primary objective the Americans favoured a straightforward large-scale attack on Germany through France the Soviets were also demanding a second front the British on the other hand argued that military operations should target peripheral areas to wear out German strength leading to increasing demoralisation and bolster resistance forces Germany itself would be subject to a heavy bombing campaign an offensive against Germany would then be launched primarily by Allied armour without using large-scale armies. Eventually the British persuaded the Americans that a landing in France was infeasible in 1942 and they should instead focus on driving the Axis out of North Africa, Located centrally in North America the state is an important transportation hub From the Dallas/Fort Worth area trucks can reach 93 percent of the nation's population within 48 hours and 37 percent within 24 hours. Texas has 33 foreign trade zones (FTZ) the most in the nation in 2004 a combined total of $298 billion of goods passed through Texas FTZs.