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Beginning around the mid-20th century Texas began to transform from a rural and agricultural state to one urban and industrialized the state's population grew quickly during this period with large levels of migration from outside the state. As a part of the Sun Belt Texas experienced strong economic growth particularly during the 1970s and early 1980s. Texas's economy diversified lessening its reliance on the petroleum industry by 1990 Hispanics overtook blacks to become the largest minority group in the state; In 1901 the Democratic-dominated state legislature passed a bill requiring payment of a poll tax for voting which effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites and Latinos in addition the legislature established white primaries ensuring minorities were excluded from the formal political process the number of voters dropped dramatically and the Democrats crushed competition from the Republican and Populist parties the Socialist Party became the second-largest party in Texas after 1912 coinciding with a large socialist upsurge in the United States during fierce battles in the labor movement and the popularity of national heroes like Eugene V Debs the Socialists' popularity soon waned after their vilification by the United States government for their opposition to US involvement in World War I. Farmers and ranchers were especially hard hit as prices for cotton and livestock fell sharply Beginning in 1934 and lasting until 1939 the Dust Bowl an ecological disaster of severe wind and drought caused an exodus from Texas and the surrounding plains in which over 500,000 Americans were homeless hungry and jobless. Thousands left the region forever to seek economic opportunities in California For the majority of farmers who remained the New Deal's Agricultural Adjustment Act was a crash program started in 1933 that in two weeks signed up cotton growers even as agents and committeemen faced poor roads bureaucratic delays inadequate supplies balking mules and language barriers it brought recovery by the mid-1930s raising cotton prices by controls on how much farmers could plant. When World War II started tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however the war did provide economic benefits for the city Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war. Ellington Field initially built during World War I was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators the Brown Shipbuilding Company was founded in 1942 to build ships for the U.S Navy during World War II Due to the boom in defense jobs thousands of new workers migrated to the city both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs President Roosevelt had established a policy of nondiscrimination for defense contractors and blacks gained some opportunities especially in shipbuilding although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence Economic gains of blacks who entered defense industries continued in the postwar years, Afonso de Albuquerque set sail in April 1511 from Goa to Malacca with a force of 1,200 men and seventeen or eighteen ships. Following his capture of the city on 24 August 1511 it became a strategic base for Portuguese expansion in the East Indies; consequently the Portuguese were obliged to build a fort they named a Famosa to defend it That same year the Portuguese desiring a commercial alliance sent an ambassador Duarte Fernandes to the kingdom of Ayudhya where he was well received by king Ramathibodi II in 1526 a large force of Portuguese ships under the command of Pedro Mascarenhas was sent to conquer Bintan where Sultan Mahmud was based Earlier expeditions by Diogo Dias and Afonso de Albuquerque had explored that part of the Indian Ocean and discovered several islands new to Europeans Mascarenhas served as Captain-Major of the Portuguese colony of Malacca from 1525 to 1526 and as viceroy of Goa capital of the Portuguese possessions in Asia from 1554 until his death in 1555 He was succeeded by Francisco Barreto who served with the title of "governor-general". . . 1900 3,048,710 36.4% Further information: climate of Houston Houston Texas Business Directory On 8 September German troops reached the suburbs of Warsaw the Polish counter offensive to the west halted the German advance for several days but it was outflanked and encircled by the Wehrmacht Remnants of the Polish army broke through to besieged Warsaw on 17 September 1939 after signing a cease-fire with Japan the Soviets invaded Eastern Poland under a pretext that the Polish state had ostensibly ceased to exist on 27 September the Warsaw garrison surrendered to the Germans and the last large operational unit of the Polish Army surrendered on 6 October Despite the military defeat Poland never surrendered; instead it formed the Polish government-in-exile and a clandestine state apparatus remained in occupied Poland a significant part of Polish military personnel evacuated to Romania and the Baltic countries; many of them would fight against the Axis in other theatres of the war. Adherents of many other religions reside predominantly in the urban centers of Texas in 1990 the Islamic population was about 140,000 with more recent figures putting the current number of Muslims between 350,000 and 400,000 the Jewish population is around 128,000. Around 146,000 adherents of religions such as Hinduism and Sikhism live in Texas. It is the fifth-largest Muslim-populated state in the country.

As of 2001 Kegans and Lychner serves male state jail offenders from Harris County with Kegans getting lower-risk offenders and Lychner getting higher-risk and special-needs offenders If both of the male state jails in Harris County are full excess offenders go to the Gist Unit in Jefferson County Female state jail offenders from Harris County go to the Plane Unit in Liberty County, Culture The Allen brothers ran their first advertisement for Houston just four days later in the Telegraph and Texas Register naming the notional town in honor of President Sam Houston. They successfully lobbied the Republic of Texas Congress to designate Houston as the temporary capital agreeing to provide the new government with a capital building. About a dozen persons resided in the town at the beginning of 1837 but that number grew to about 1,500 by the time the Texas Congress convened in Houston for the first time that May. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5 1837 with James S Holman becoming its first mayor in the same year Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County (now Harris County), In December southward-moving cold fronts can bring cold rain low wind chills and rarely frozen precipitation Early January is the coldest time of the year with temperatures moderating slightly by February Winter is also the driest part of the year for Houston; (-10) 8 Enterprise Products Partners 80 Harris-Fort Bend ESD #100 Dual Community FD 1% .07951. District Name Party First Elected Area(s) of Harris County Represented, Czechs As of 2014 the Houston area has relatively fewer national chain restaurants compared to other U.S metropolitan areas due to the number of established local restaurant operations Famous restaurateurs include Jim Goode and Ninfa Laurenzo as well as the families of Molina's Pappas Restaurants Carrabbas and the Mandola's restaurants; !