5.1 After 1500: West and East Africa Asia and the Pacific In 1940 Houston was a city of 400,000 population dependent on shipping and oil the war dramatically expanded the city's economic base thanks to massive federal spending Energetic entrepreneurs most notably George Brown James Elkins and James Abercrombie landed hundreds of millions of dollars in federal wartime investment in technologically complex facilities Houston oil companies moved from being mere refiners and became sophisticated producers of petrochemicals Especially important were synthetic rubber and high octane fuel which retained their importance after the war the war moved the natural gas industry from a minor factor to a major energy source; Houston became a major hub when a local firm purchased the federally-financed Inch pipelines Other major growth industries included steel munitions and shipbuilding Tens of thousands of new migrants streamed in from rural areas straining the city's housing supply and the city's ability to provide local transit and schools For the first time high paying jobs went to large numbers of women blacks and Mexican Americans the city's African American community emboldened by their newfound prosperity became a hotbed of civil rights agitation; the Smith v Allwright Supreme Court decision on voting rights was backed and funded by local blacks in this period.[page needed]. Small single-story structure with pitched roof a center door is flanked by a window on each side Wide stairs lead to a wide front porch with wood railing. .
8 Education 4.1 Pre-European era (32.9) 92.9 1.3 Reconstruction through 1900 Germans 54 Sysco Electronic Data Systems headquarters in Plano Agriculture and mining Historical population Infrastructure Main articles: Ixtoc I and Ixtoc I oil spill. The Texas First Court of Appeals and the Texas Fourteenth Court of Appeals since September 3 2010 are located in the 1910 Harris County courthouse. Previously they were located on the campus of the South Texas College of Law, Houston's Jewish community estimated at 47,000 in 2001 has been present in the city from the 1800s Houstonian Jews have origins from throughout the United States Israel Mexico Russia and other places As of 2016 there were over 40 synagogues in Greater Houston the largest synagogues in Houston are Congregation Beth Yeshurun a Conservative Jewish temple and the Reform Jewish congregations Beth Israel and Emanu-El, Chronological Higher education In contrast to the cities unincorporated rural settlements known as colonias often lack basic infrastructure and are marked by poverty the office of the Texas Attorney General stated in 2011 that Texas had about 2,294 colonias and estimates about 500,000 lived in the colonias Hidalgo County as of 2011 has the largest number of colonias. Texas has the largest number of people of all states living in colonias.
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