; . 3.6 Racial and ethnic demographics In 1578 the Saadi sultan Ahmad al-Mansur contemporary of Queen Elizabeth I defeated Portugal at the Battle of Ksar El Kebir beating the young king Sebastian I a devout Christian who believed in the crusade to defeat Islam Portugal had landed in North Africa after Abu Abdallah asked him to help recover the Saadian throne Abu Abdallah's uncle Abd Al-Malik had taken it from Abu Abdallah with Ottoman Empire support the defeat of Abu Abdallah and the death of Portugal's king led to the end of the Portuguese Aviz dynasty and later to the integration of Portugal and its empire at the Iberian Union for 60 years under Sebastian's uncle Philip II of Spain Philip was married to his relative Mary I cousin of his father due to this Philip was King of England and Ireland in a dynastic union with Spain. . . 3.1 2013 referendum and aftermath In Europe before the outbreak of the war the Allies had significant advantages in both population and economics in 1938 the Western Allies (United Kingdom France Poland and British Dominions) had a 30 per cent larger population and a 30 per cent higher gross domestic product than the European Axis powers (Germany and Italy); if colonies are included it then gives the Allies more than a 5:1 advantage in population and nearly 2:1 advantage in GDP in Asia at the same time China had roughly six times the population of Japan but only an 89 per cent higher GDP; this is reduced to three times the population and only a 38 per cent higher GDP if Japanese colonies are included, As of 2012 Vietnamese were the largest group of Asians in Harris County As of 1995 most Vietnamese Filipinos and Chinese stated that they were Republicans while most Indians and Pakistanis stated that they were Democrats in 2012 Indians and Pakistanis continue to identify as Democrats while Chinese Filipinos and Vietnamese were increasingly identifying as independents or Democrats, On May 12 2016 a release of oil from subsea infrastructure on Shell's Brutus oil rig released 2,100 barrels of oil This leak created a visible 2 mile by 13 mile oil slick in the sea about 97 miles south of Port Fourchon Louisiana according to the U.S Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement.
; Energy and oil (19 companies) Soon Houstonians were prompted to put an end to their problems; so they wanted to make a Chamber of Commerce just for the city a bill had been introduced on November 26 1838 in Congress that would establish this entity President Mirabeau B Lamar signed the act into law on January 28 1840 This move could not have come sooner as the city was suffering from financial problems and numerous yellow fever outbreaks including an 1839 outbreak that killed about 12 percent of its population Also on January 14 1839 the capital had been moved to Austin known as Waterloo at the time on April 4 1840 John Carlos hosted a meeting to establish the Houston Chamber of Commerce at the City Exchange building E.S Perkins presided as its first president in addition to Perkins and Carlos the charter members admitted were: Henry R Allen T Francis Brewer Jacob De Cordova J Temple Doswell George Gazley Dewitt C Harris J Hart Charles J Hedenburg Thomas M League Charles Kesler Charles A Morris E Osborne and John W Pitkin Undergrowth and snags had been the greatest obstacle to navigating Buffalo Bayou; yet by 1840 there was an accumulation of sunken ships This was the principle concern of the new Houston Chamber of Commerce the city of Houston and Harris County responded by allocating taxpayer money for bayou clearance and on March 1 1841 the first wreck was pulled out the bayou under this program, Houston's turbulent beginning 14 People in the service of Portugal 2.2 Wildlife Texas was very sparsely populated with fewer than 3,500 residents,[Note 3] and only about 200 soldiers which made it extremely vulnerable to attacks by native tribes and American filibusters in the hopes that an influx of settlers could control the Indian raids the bankrupt Mexican government liberalized immigration policies for the region Finally able to settle legally in Texas Anglos from the United States soon vastly outnumbered the Tejanos.[Note 4] Most of the immigrants came from the southern United States Many were slave owners and most brought with them significant prejudices against other races attitudes often applied to the Tejanos Mexico's official religion was Roman Catholicism yet the majority of the immigrants were Protestants who distrusted Catholics. As early as 1837 the Republic made several attempts to negotiate annexation with the United States. Opposition within the republic from the nationalist faction along with strong abolitionist opposition within the United States slowed Texas's admission into the Union Texas was finally annexed when the expansionist James K Polk won the election of 1844 on December 29 1845 Congress admitted Texas to the U.S as a constituent state of the Union. . .
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