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Historical population Near the coast the land is low and extremely flat and often marshy the Piney Woods extend into the Northern parts of Southeast Texas reaching as far south as the rice paddies and marshlands that lie between Houston and Beaumont the highest point on the coast is at High Island where a salt dome raises the elevation to around 40 feet (12 m). As early as October 27 Mexican president Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna had been preparing to quell the unrest in Texas in early 1836 Santa Anna personally led a 6,000-man force toward Texas His force was large but ill-trained. Santa Anna led the bulk of the troops to San Antonio de Bexar to besiege the Alamo Mission while General Jose de Urrea led the remaining troops up the coast of Texas. Urrea's forces soon defeated all the Texian resistance along the coast culminating in the Goliad Massacre where they executed 300 Texian prisoners of war. After a thirteen-day siege Santa Anna's forces overwhelmed the nearly 200 Texians defending the Alamo and killed the prisoners "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" became a battle cry of the Texas Revolution, In 1697 Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville sailed for France and was chosen by the Minister of Marine to lead an expedition to rediscover the mouth of the Mississippi River and to colonize Louisiana which the English coveted Iberville's fleet sailed from Brest on October 24 1698 on January 25 1699 Iberville reached Santa Rosa Island in front of Pensacola founded by the Spanish; he sailed from there to Mobile Bay and explored Massacre Island later renamed Dauphin Island He cast anchor between Cat Island and Ship Island; and on February 13 1699 he went to the mainland Biloxi with his brother Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville on May 1 1699 he completed a fort on the north-east side of the Bay of Biloxi a little to the rear of what is now Ocean Springs Mississippi This fort was known as Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi a few days later on May 4 Pierre Le Moyne sailed for France leaving his teenage brother Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne as second in command to the French commandant; 25 KBR 242 Texas Southern University located in the Third Ward is the first public institution of higher education in Houston and the largest HBCU in Texas, ESD Type Provider Sales Tax Rate (2015) Property Tax Rate per $100 Valuation (2015). (31) 93 Other technological and engineering feats achieved during or as a result of the war include the world's first programmable computers (Z3 Colossus and ENIAC) guided missiles and modern rockets the Manhattan Project's development of nuclear weapons operations research and the development of artificial harbours and oil pipelines under the English Channel.[citation needed] Penicillin was first mass-produced and used during the war (see Stabilization and mass production of penicillin), See also: Deregulation of the Texas electricity market, 1.3 Reconstruction through 1900. 2.1 Adjacent counties Katy (partly in Fort Bend and Waller counties), Memorial Bend is made up of 1950s and early 1960s homes built in the modern (contemporary) ranch and traditional styles the neighborhood is considered to have the highest concentration of mid-century modern homes in Houston. Architects who designed homes in this neighborhood include William Norman Floyd William R Jenkins William F Wortham and Lars Bang Many of the homes in Memorial Bend were featured in national architecture and design magazines like American Builder House & Home Practical Builder Better Homes & Gardens and House Beautiful.

. Beginning in 1949 Texas was hit with a devastating drought that extended until 1957 Rainfall decreased 30 to 50 percent while temperatures rose killing crops livestock and triggering a rise of dust storms As a result the number of Texas farms and ranches declined by nearly 100,000 and Texas experienced a period of mass urbanization as the rural population moved to the city to rebuild their livelihoods the state's rural population declined from more than a third of the population to a quarter. As a result the Texas Water Development Board was created in 1957 and the state began a period of building a diverse system of water conservation plans This included increasing access to groundwater and creating lakes by damming rivers. Most major belligerents attempted to solve the problems of complexity and security involved in using large codebooks for cryptography by designing ciphering machines the most well known being the German Enigma machine. Development of SIGINT (signals intelligence) and cryptanalysis enabled the countering process of decryption Notable examples were the Allied decryption of Japanese naval codes and British Ultra a pioneering method for decoding Enigma benefiting from information given to the United Kingdom by the Polish Cipher Bureau which had been decoding early versions of Enigma before the war. Another aspect of military intelligence was the use of deception which the Allies used to great effect such as in operations Mincemeat and Bodyguard! . Many (estimate of about 1 in 70 (1.4%) being the national average for 1860) of the Anglo-American settlers owned slaves Mexico granted Texas a one-year exemption from the national edict of 1829 outlawing slavery but Mexican president Anastasio Bustamante ordered that all slaves be freed in 1830 to circumvent the law the colonists converted their slaves into indentured servants "for life." by 1836 there were 5,000 enslaved African Americans in Texas.