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. Both plans started in July but by mid-September the Battle for Guadalcanal took priority for the Japanese and troops in New Guinea were ordered to withdraw from the Port Moresby area to the northern part of the island where they faced Australian and United States troops in the Battle of Buna-Gona. Guadalcanal soon became a focal point for both sides with heavy commitments of troops and ships in the battle for Guadalcanal By the start of 1943 the Japanese were defeated on the island and withdrew their troops in Burma Commonwealth forces mounted two operations the first an offensive into the Arakan region in late 1942 went disastrously forcing a retreat back to India by May 1943 the second was the insertion of irregular forces behind Japanese front-lines in February which by the end of April had achieved mixed results. The Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research a think tank has described Greater Houston as "one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse metropolitan areas in the country". Houston's diversity fueled by large waves of immigrants has been attributed to its relatively low cost of living strong job market proximity to Latin America and role as a hub for refugee resettlement a 2012 Kinder Institute report found that based on the evenness of population distribution between the four major racial groups in the United States (non-Hispanic white non-Hispanic black Hispanic or Latino and Asian) Greater Houston was the most ethnically diverse metropolitan area in the United States ahead of New York City in 2017 according to the U.S Census Bureau non-Hispanic whites made up 24.9% of the population of Houston proper Hispanics or Latinos 44.5% Blacks or African Americans 22.9% and Asians 6.7%, Areas of Alaska and British Columbia Explored by Spain, French 0.25% Public opinion in Texas was divided. Editorials in the United States began advocating complete independence for Texas. After several men staged a minor revolt against customs duties in Anahuac in June local leaders began calling for a public meeting to determine whether a majority of settlers favored independence a return to federalism or the status quo Although some leaders worried that Mexican officials would see this type of gathering as a step towards revolution by the end of August most communities had agreed to send delegates to the Consultation scheduled for October 15. . ; . .

Geography Over the next several hours two brief skirmishes occurred Texians won the first forcing a small group of dragoons and the Mexican artillery to withdraw. Mexican dragoons then forced the Texian cavalry to withdraw in the melee Rusk on foot to reload his rifle was almost captured by Mexican soldiers but was rescued by newly arrived Texian volunteer Mirabeau B Lamar. Over Houston's objections many infantrymen rushed onto the field As the Texian cavalry fell back Lamar remained behind to rescue another Texian who had been thrown from his horse; Mexican officers "reportedly applauded" his bravery. Houston was irate that the infantry had disobeyed his orders and given Santa Anna a better estimate of their strength; the men were equally upset that Houston hadn't allowed a full battle. Adherents of many other religions reside predominantly in the urban centers of Texas in 1990 the Islamic population was about 140,000 with more recent figures putting the current number of Muslims between 350,000 and 400,000 the Jewish population is around 128,000. Around 146,000 adherents of religions such as Hinduism and Sikhism live in Texas. It is the fifth-largest Muslim-populated state in the country. Richard Mount and Thomas Page's 1700 map of the Gulf of Mexico a Chart of the Bay of Mexico, Airports (137) 5.52 Diplomatic missions, General Douglas MacArthur returns to the Philippines during the Battle of Leyte 20 October 1944. 7 Further reading Located centrally in North America the state is an important transportation hub From the Dallas/Fort Worth area trucks can reach 93 percent of the nation's population within 48 hours and 37 percent within 24 hours. Texas has 33 foreign trade zones (FTZ) the most in the nation in 2004 a combined total of $298 billion of goods passed through Texas FTZs. In July 1937 Japan captured the former Chinese imperial capital of Peking after instigating the Marco Polo Bridge Incident which culminated in the Japanese campaign to invade all of China the Soviets quickly signed a non-aggression pact with China to lend materiel support effectively ending China's prior co-operation with Germany From September to November the Japanese attacked Taiyuan engaged the Kuomintang Army around Xinkou and fought Communist forces in Pingxingguan. Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to defend Shanghai but after three months of fighting Shanghai fell the Japanese continued to push the Chinese forces back capturing the capital Nanking in December 1937 After the fall of Nanking tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed combatants were murdered by the Japanese. Chamberlain Daladier Hitler Mussolini and Ciano pictured just before signing the Munich Agreement 29 September 1938, In 2017 the United Healthcare Foundation ranked Texas as the 34th healthiest state in the United States. Obesity excessive drinking maternal mortality infant mortality and vaccinations are among the major public health issues facing Texas.