The 2003 Texas redistricting of Congressional districts led by Republican Tom DeLay was called by the New York Times "an extreme case of partisan gerrymandering" a group of Democratic legislators the "Texas Eleven" fled the state in a quorum-busting effort to prevent the legislature from acting but was unsuccessful the state had already redistricted following the 2000 census Despite these efforts the legislature passed a map heavily in favor of Republicans based on 2000 data and ignoring the estimated nearly one million new residents in the state since that date Career attorneys and analysts at the Department of Justice objected to the plan as diluting the votes of African American and Hispanic voters but political appointees overrode them and approved it. Legal challenges to the redistricting reached the national Supreme Court in the case League of United Latin American Citizens v Perry (2006) but the court ruled in favor of the state (and Republicans), Racial violence continued by whites against blacks as they enforced white supremacy Despite this freedmen pursued education organized new churches and fraternal organizations and entered politics winning local offices By the 1890s more than 100,000 blacks were voting in state elections in 1896 and 1898 Republican Robert B Hawley was elected to Congress from the state by a plurality when most white voters split between the Democratic and Populist parties Democrats were determined to end competition by Republicans and Populists and reviewed what other Southern states were doing to disenfranchise blacks and poor whites Mississippi's new constitution of 1890 had survived a Supreme Court case although in practice it was highly discriminatory against freedmen, Texas declared its secession from the United States on February 1 1861 and joined the Confederate States of America on March 2 1861 With few battles in its territory Texas was mainly a "supply state" for the Confederate forces until mid-1863 when the Union capture of the Mississippi River made large movements of men horses or cattle impossible Texas regiments fought in every major battle throughout the war the last battle of the Civil War the Battle of Palmito Ranch was fought in Texas on May 12 1865 the 2nd Texas Cavalry Battalion (U.S.) (one of only two from the state) took part. . . After the original natural grass playing surface died the Astrodome became the first major sports venue to install artificial turf which became known as AstroTurf in another technological first the Astrodome featured the "Astrolite" which was the first animated scoreboard the Astrodome was renovated in 1988 expanding seating and altering many original features, District 22 Pete Olson Republican 2008 Ellington Field The three additional East Texas counties that join with other regional government councils are Chambers County (Anahuac) Liberty County (Liberty) and Walker County (Huntsville) all three in geographic proximity to the Houston metropolitan areas. The 1992 Republican National Convention was held at the Astrodome in August of that year the Astros accommodated the convention by taking a month-long road trip, In 1840 the community established a chamber of commerce in part to promote shipping and navigation at the newly created port on Buffalo Bayou. Genocide concentration camps and slave labour Oscar Branch Colquitt newspaper owner in Pittsburg Camp County and in Morris County. From the 8th century the bow and arrow appeared in the region manufacture of pottery developed and Native Americans increasingly depended on bison for survival Obsidian objects found in various Texan sites attest of trade with cultures in present-day Mexico and the Rocky Mountains as the material is not found locally. .
Rice University 3 Pre-war events Houston Texas Business Directory. . . . . Two more significant tributaries of Buffalo Bayou flow through parts of Houston outside the Interstate 610 loop Greens Bayou which originates in far northwest Houston near Willowbrook flows for 43 miles (69 km) through Greenspoint and undeveloped areas of northeastern Harris County Sims Bayou which has its source near Missouri City southwest of Houston flows for 23 miles (37 km) past Almeda Sunnyside South Park and Manchester.
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