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(as of 2010), The Spanish introduced European livestock including cattle horses and mules to Texas as early as the 1690s. These herds grazed heavily on the native grasses allowing mesquite which was native to the lower Texas coast to spread inland Spanish farmers also introduced tilling and irrigation to the land further changing the landscape, 13 External links German panzers of the Afrika Korps advancing across the North African desert 1941; Several private institutions of higher learning are located within the city Rice University the most selective university in Texas and one of the most selective in the United States is a private secular institution with a high level of research activity. Founded in 1912 Rice's historic heavily wooded 300-acre (120-hectare) campus located adjacent to Hermann Park and the Texas Medical Center hosts approximately 4,000 undergraduate and 3,000 post-graduate students to the north in Neartown the University of St Thomas founded in 1947 is Houston's only Catholic university St Thomas provides a liberal arts curriculum for roughly 3,000 students at its historic 19-block campus along Montrose Boulevard in southwest Houston Houston Baptist University (HBU) founded in 1960 offers bachelor's and graduate degrees at its Sharpstown campus the school is affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas and has a student population of approximately 3,000. . In 1697 Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville sailed for France and was chosen by the Minister of Marine to lead an expedition to rediscover the mouth of the Mississippi River and to colonize Louisiana which the English coveted Iberville's fleet sailed from Brest on October 24 1698 on January 25 1699 Iberville reached Santa Rosa Island in front of Pensacola founded by the Spanish; he sailed from there to Mobile Bay and explored Massacre Island later renamed Dauphin Island He cast anchor between Cat Island and Ship Island; and on February 13 1699 he went to the mainland Biloxi with his brother Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville on May 1 1699 he completed a fort on the north-east side of the Bay of Biloxi a little to the rear of what is now Ocean Springs Mississippi This fort was known as Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi a few days later on May 4 Pierre Le Moyne sailed for France leaving his teenage brother Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne as second in command to the French commandant, The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops the suicide of Adolf Hitler and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August respectively With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent the possibility of additional atomic bombings the Soviet entry into the war against Japan and its invasion of Manchuria Japan announced its intention to surrender on 15 August 1945 cementing total victory in Asia for the Allies Tribunals were set up by the Allies and war crimes trials were conducted in the wake of the war both against the Germans and the Japanese. . .

. . 1900 Galveston Historically Houston has been a center of Protestant Christianity being part of the Bible Belt. Other Christian groups including Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Christianity and non-Christian religions did not grow for much of the city's history because immigration was predominantly from Western Europe (which at the time was dominated by Western Christianity and favored by the quotas in federal immigration law) the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 removed the quotas allowing for the growth of other religions! During the late 20th century the Republican Party replaced the Democratic Party as the dominant party in the state as the latter became more politically liberal and as demographic changes favored the former. . In 1540 expeditions under Hernando de Alarcon and Melchior Diaz visited the area of Yuma and immediately saw the natural crossing of the Colorado River from Mexico to California by land as an ideal spot for a city as the Colorado River narrows to slightly under 1000 feet wide in one small point Later military expeditions that crossed the Colorado River at the Yuma Crossing include Juan Bautista de Anza (1774), Bridgeland A factory worker in 1942 Fort Worth Texas, Galveston (southeast) Despite the region's high rate of automobile usage attitudes towards transportation among Houstonians indicate a growing preference for walkability a 2017 study by the Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research found that 56% of Harris County residents have a preference for dense housing in a mixed-use walkable setting as opposed to single-family housing in a low-density area a plurality of survey respondents also indicated that traffic congestion was the most significant problem facing the metropolitan area in addition many households in the city of Houston have no car in 2015 8.3 percent of Houston households lacked a car which was virtually unchanged in 2016 (8.1 percent) the national average was 8.7 percent in 2016 Houston averaged 1.59 cars per household in 2016 compared to a national average of 1.8. .