Water bodies 2000 Census Flags of the six nations that have had sovereignty over some or all of the current territory of Texas During 1942 Allied officials debated on the appropriate grand strategy to pursue All agreed that defeating Germany was the primary objective the Americans favoured a straightforward large-scale attack on Germany through France the Soviets were also demanding a second front the British on the other hand argued that military operations should target peripheral areas to wear out German strength leading to increasing demoralisation and bolster resistance forces Germany itself would be subject to a heavy bombing campaign an offensive against Germany would then be launched primarily by Allied armour without using large-scale armies. Eventually the British persuaded the Americans that a landing in France was infeasible in 1942 and they should instead focus on driving the Axis out of North Africa. The internationally known slogan "Don't Mess with Texas" began as an anti-littering advertisement Since the campaign's inception in 1986 the phrase has become "an identity statement a declaration of Texas swagger"; Arabic 0.21% Airports, 4.4 Statehood The chief administrative officer of a Texas County as set up in the Texas Constitution is the County Judge who sits as the chair of the county's Commissioners' Court (the equivalent of a Board of Supervisors in some other states) Since 2007 this position in Harris County is held by Judge Ed Emmett the county is split into 4 geographical divisions called Precincts Each precinct elects a Commissioner to sit as a representative of their precinct on the commissioners court and also for the oversight of county functions in their area, The Comanche used their military power to obtain supplies and labor from the Americans Mexicans and Indians through thievery looting and killing tribute and kidnappings There was much violence committed by and against Comanche before and after the European settlement of Texas Although they made a living partially through raiding and violence along with hunting/gathering especially buffalo hunting the Comanche empire also supported a commercial network with long-distance trade Dealing with subordinate Indians the Comanche spread their language and culture across the region in terms of governance the Comanche were nearly independent but allied bands with a loosely hierarchical social organization within bands. On November 13 delegates voted to create a regular army and named Sam Houston its commander-in-chief in an effort to attract volunteers from the United States soldiers would be granted land bounties This provision was significant as all public land was owned by the state or the federal government indicating that the delegates expected Texas to eventually declare independence. Houston was given no authority over the volunteer army led by Austin which predated the Consultation. Houston was also appointed to the Select Committee on Indian Affairs Three men including Austin were asked to go to the United States to gather money volunteers and supplies the delegates elected Henry Smith as governor on November 14 the Consultation adjourned leaving Smith and the Council in charge. Houston was the headquarters of Continental Airlines until its 2010 merger with United Airlines with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year Bush Intercontinental is currently United Airlines' second largest hub behind O'Hare International Airport. United Airlines' share of the Houston Airport System's commercial aviation market was nearly 60% in 2017 with 16 million enplaned passengers in early 2007 Bush Intercontinental Airport was named a model "port of entry" for international travelers by U.S Customs and Border Protection. The City of Houston operates the Houston Fire Department which provides fire and emergency medical coverage to the City of Houston.
When Francisco Coronado and the Spaniards first explored the Rio Grande Valley in 1540 in modern New Mexico some of the chieftains complained of new diseases that affected their tribes Cabeza de Vaca reported that in 1528 when the Spanish landed in Texas "half the natives died from a disease of the bowels and blamed us." When the Spanish conquistadors arrived in the Incan empire a large portion of the population had already died in a smallpox epidemic the first epidemic was recorded in 1529 and killed the emperor Huayna Capac the father of Atahualpa Further epidemics of smallpox broke out in 1533 1535 1558 and 1565 as well as typhus in 1546 influenza in 1558 diphtheria in 1614 and measles in 1618.:133, Though 35 percent of Texas' population is now Hispanic African-Americans are still the most populous minority in Southeast Texas During the Civil Rights Movement several communities clashed over racial integration issues, Texas's controversial alternative affirmative action plan Texas House Bill 588 guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top 10 percent of their high school class automatic admission to state-funded universities the bill encourages demographic diversity while avoiding problems stemming from the Hopwood v Texas (1996) case; 10 Corporate involvement in culture 135 Jon Rosenthal Democratic 2018 Jersey Village and southeastern segments of the Champions/FM 1960 area, The population of the new state was quite small at first and there was a strong mix between the English-speaking American settlers that dominated in the state's eastern/northeastern portions and the Spanish-speaking former Mexicans that dominated in the state's southern and western portions Statehood brought many new settlers Because of the long Spanish presence in Mexico and various failed colonization efforts by the Spanish and Mexicans in northern Mexico there were large herds of Longhorn cattle that roamed the state Hardy by nature but also suitable for slaughtering and consumption they represented an economic opportunity many entrepreneurs seized upon thus creating the cowboy culture for which Texas is famous While in the early days of the republic cattle and bison were slaughtered for their hides soon a beef industry was established with cattle being shipped all over the U.S and the Caribbean (within a few decades beef had become a staple of the American diet). . . During the 20th century national historiographical trends influenced the scholarship on the Civil War in Texas Beginning in the 1950s historians focused on military campaigns in Texas and other areas of the Southwest a region previously neglected Since the 1970s scholars have shifted their attention to South Texas exploring how its relations with Mexico and Mexican Americans affected both Confederate and Union Civil War military operations Also since the 1970s the "New Social History" has stimulated research in war-related social economic and political changes This historiographical trend is related to a growing interest in local and regional history. The Allen brothers first landed in the area where the confluence of White Oak Bayou and Buffalo Bayou served as a natural turning basin now known as Allen's Landing the "city to be" was named after Sam Houston the hero of San Jacinto whom the Allen brothers admired and anticipated to be the first President of the Republic of Texas Gail Borden Jr a publisher and surveyor who would later found Borden Inc exercised foresight when he laid out wide streets for the town.[unreliable source?], Main article: Sports in Houston Houston Texas Business Directory. Main article: Economy of Texas The painting shows many men some on foot and some on horseback engaged in hand-to-hand combat One man carries the Mexican flag; another carries the flag of the Republic of Texas in the background are several tents; behind them is a body of water. 1.1 Houston's turbulent beginning The Niels and Mellie Esperson buildings are examples of Italian Renaissance architecture in downtown Houston. Designed by John Eberson the two buildings were built in 1927 and 1941 respectively. They are detailed with massive columns great urns terraces and a grand tempietto at the top similar to one built in the courtyard of San Pietro in Rome in 1502. Mellie Esperson had the first building constructed for her husband Niels a real estate and oil tycoon. His name is carved on the side of the building in large letters at street level the name "Mellie Esperson" is carved on the accompanying structure known as the Mellie Esperson building although it is really just a 19-story annex to the original building, 3.1 Music Historically the East Texas economy has been led by lumber cotton cattle and oil Prior to the discovery of the East Texas Oil Field cotton lumber and cattle were the predominant source of economic gains and stability Needs of local farmers contributed greatly to the establishment of local towns and trading posts As with many parts of the nation the chosen paths of railroads often determined the continuation of many towns At the beginning of the 20th century the oil fields were discovered and oil became accessible which changed the future of the region, The land comprising Mexican Texas between the Red Sabine and Nueces Rivers is shaded yellow the land between this boundary and the Rio Grande on the south and the Arkansas River on the north is shaded green and marked as "claimed territory".
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